The Anglo-Saxon Period Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Anglo Saxon period is the oldest known period of time that had a complex culture with stable government, art, and a fairly large amount of literature. Many people believe that the culture then was extremely unsophisticated, but it was actually extremely advanced for the time. Despite the many advancements, the period was almost always in a state of war. Despite this fact, the Anglo-Saxon period is a time filled with great advancements and discoveries in culture, society, government, religion, literature, and art. The Angles were a Germanic tribe that occupied the region which is now Scleswig-Holstein, Germany. With their fellow ethnic groups, they formed the people who came to be known as the English. The Saxons were a Germanic people who first appeared in the beginning of the Christian era. The Saxons were said to have lived in the south Jutland Peninsula in the north of what is now Germany, but the fact has not been proven. They attacked and raided areas in the North Sea throughout the third and fourth centuries. By the end of the sixth century, the Saxons had taken all of the Roman territory within north-west Germany, as far as the Elbe River. The Angles joined the Saxons in the invasion of Britain in the fifth and sixth centuries. British resistance to the 'Anglo Saxon' invaders in the second half of the fifth century ended with the Anglo Saxon’s victory at the battle of Mount Badon. After the British were defeated, though, the Angles and the Saxons continued to fight over their re ligion for many years (Irvin, Vacca, Probst, Beers, p.46). Before the year 596, almost everybody had strong pagan beliefs. In 596 missionaries had begun to attempt to convert the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity. By the year 650, almost all of England had converted to Christianity- at least in name. Although almost everyone claimed to be strong believers in Christ and the church, most still held on to their pagan beliefs and traditions. No matter what they believed, everyone applied their religious beliefs to their everyday life. (Chin et al. Glencoe Literature, p.35). Everyone in the age would always wear extremely modest clothing. The common garment for a man was the robe gathered at the waist, completed by hose and soft sandals. The same was for the woman, except their dress extended to the feet. The most common materials used to make clothing were linen and woolens, though... ...nbsp;  Ã‚  The technological advancements and discoveries of the Anglo-Saxon period set the stone for today’s society. The age had all of the parts of their culture that we have today. Their period set the foundation for art, society, literature, and culture of what we have today. America would be a very different place if it was not for the impact that the Anglo-Saxon period had society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bibliography 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Anglo Saxon Art†; The Hutchinson Book of the Arts . SIRS Knowledge Source , 2000.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Old English Literature†; The Hutchinson Book of the Arts . SIRS Knowledge Source , 2000. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Irvin, Vacca, Probst, Beers. Elements Of Literature. Harcourt Press; Holt, Rinehart, Winston, 2003. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Chin, Wolfe, Copeland, Dudzinski, Ray, Royster, Wilhelm. Glencoe Literature. Columbus, Ohio: The McGraw-Hill Companies, 2000. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Columbia Encyclopedia. Irvington, New York: Colombia University Press, 2000. 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ross, David. English History. 2001. .

Aids essay

Nowadays, with the developed industrialization there are a lot of dangerous diseases which have influence on the people. There are the cancer, osteoporosis, Alzheimer’s etc. One of them is AIDS – the serious disease. Unfortunately, day by day the number of people who are infected with Aids is increasing. Infected people are very weak to fight off other infectious disease and soon they will die. AIDS is one of the dangerous diseases, so the people need to know about how to prevent it.Acquired Immune-Deficiency Syndrome, popularly known by its abbreviation AIDS is a fatal disease as it attacks and destroys the immune system of the body. It is caused by a virus called Human Immuno Deficiency Virus or HIV in short. HIV damages body’s immune system by destroying white blood cells which help us to destroy invaded pathogens. When HIV enters a white blood cell, it may remain dormant. However, once it is activated, it infects another cell to produce many new HIVS. After a certain period of time, the white blood cells are destroyed and leading to a loss of function of the immune system (Y.K. Ho,2004). The first ever case of a person with AIDS was detected in America in 1959 which later emerged as a dreadfully widespread disease in the 1980s in countries like France, , Belgium, Uganda, Zambia Tanzania, Zimbabwe etc. Moreover, AIDS was first clinically observed in 1981 in the United States. [The initial cases were a cluster of injecting drug users and homosexual men with no known cause of impaired immunity who showed symptoms of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), a rare opportunistic infection that was known to occur in people with very compromised immune systems.Soon thereafter, an unexpected number of gay men developed a previously rare skin cancer called Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Many more cases of PCP and KS emerged, alerting U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and a CDC task force was formed to monitor the outbreak. In the early days, the CDC did not have an official name for the disease, often referring to it by way of the diseases that were associated with it, for example, lymphadenopathy, the disease after which the discoverers of HIV originally named the virus.They also used Kaposi's Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections, the name by which a task force had been set up in 1981. At one point, the Center of Diseases Control coined the phrase â€Å"the 4H disease†, since the syndrome seemed to affect Haitians, homosexuals, hemophiliacs, and heroin users. In the general press, the term â€Å"GRID†, which stood for gay-related immune deficiency, had been coined. However, after determining that AIDS was not isolated to the gay community, it was realized that the term GRID was misleading and the term AIDS was introduced at a meeting in July 1982.By September 1982 the CDC started referring to the disease as AIDS. HIV is a fast spreading disease in the world which if—not controlled—can take an epidemic proportion. According to the data and statistics of World Health Organization, global summary of the AIDS epidemic, 2009, the number of people living with HIV is around 33. 3 million and AIDS death in 2009 is around 1. 8 million. The highest numbers of AIDS cases are found in Mumbai in India which is known as die AIDS capital of the country and is closely followed by Chennai, Thiruvanandiapuram, Nagpur, Aurangabad and Kolhapur.Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland and Delhi too have a number of HIV cases being reported in die recent years. As per die common myth, HIV infection is not contagious as is measles, chicken pox, tuberculosis, cholera, plague, smallpox etc. The infection mainly spreads through a sexual route or blood to blood contact. HIV spreads mainly through sexual relationship-whether heterosexual or homosexual with an infected partner, transfusion of HIV infected blood and blood products, use of infected syringes or needles and is passed on by an infected mother to her unborn child.It is therefore, foolish to believe that HIV spreads through mosquitoes, embracing, holding, touching or kissing each other, shaking hands, coughing, sneezing, spitting, sharing of public toilets or swimming pools, sharing meals or eating from the same plates, or sharing clothes, bed sheets, or attending similar schools or working together. There are many causes to explain why people got AIDS and there are also some serious effects. The first cause can be because they did not recieve enough information about specific illnesses like AIDS.So to help us to prevent AIDS: we need to educate the children carefully. It is because AIDS has existed since many years ago. Although many scientists have tried to discover the treatment against this terrible disease, they have not found some patent treatments yet. Scientists caution that a safe, effective vaccine against HIV may be at least a decade away, mainly because, like the influenza virus, HIV mutates (changes structure ) quickly, producing different strains. An ideal vaccine must be able to stimulate neutralization of both â€Å"free† viruses and those hidden within lymphocytes, such s T-helper cells. Researchers in various countries have developed and are testing a few preliminary vaccines. One sub-unit vaccine, made from virus coat material (a glycoprotein) genetically cloned in an insect virus (the baculovirus, which attacks moths and butterflies but no humans) has been shown to stimulate an immune response in experimental animals. Another preliminary vaccine, produced by cloning modified Vaccinia viruses, containing a portion of HIV envelope, is about to enter clinical trials in New York. But to date no vaccine tried in animals or humans has been shown to prevent AIDS.The best way to avoid AIDS is to regard it as a highly lethal disease and practice commonsense prevention. Avoiding infection is in one’s own hands. People can protect themselves. To halt its spread, people are enco uraged to obtain and apply accurate AIDS information to their living styles and sexual habits in order to reduce the risk of getting or transmitting the virus. Sadly, health promoters claim that â€Å"reaching the many who don't want to know† is no easy task. Health promoters suggest that educators must learn how and when to communicate AIDS information – in the right way at â€Å"teachable† moments.Many Public Health Departments are now taking the lead in disseminating education about AIDS with large scale public awareness programs. On the other hand, there are many ways to reduce AIDS, but the primary way is have a protective sex. One of the examined showed that consistent condom use reduces the risk of HIV transmission by approximately 80% over the long term. When one partner of a couple is infected, consistent condom use results in rates of HIV infection for the uninfected person of below 1% per year.There is some evidence to suggest that female condoms may provide an equivalent level of protection. Application of a vaginal gel containing tenofovir (a reverse transcriptase inhibitor) immediately before sex seems to reduce infection rates by approximately 40% among African women. By contrast, use of the spermicide nonoxynol-9 may increase the risk of transmission due to its tendency to cause vaginal and rectal irritation. Circumcision in Sub-Saharan Africa â€Å"reduces the acquisition of HIV by heterosexual men by between 38% and 66% over 24 months†.Based on these studies, the World Health Organization and UNAIDS both recommended male circumcision as a method of preventing female-to-male HIV transmission in 2007. Whether it protects against male-to-female transmission is disputed and whether it is of benefit in developed countries and among men who have sex with men is undetermined. Some experts fear that a lower perception of vulnerability among circumcised men may result in more sexual risk-taking behavior, thus negating its p reventive effects.Women who have undergone female genital cutting have an increased risk of HIV. Programs encouraging sexual abstinence do not appear to affect subsequent HIV risk. Evidence for a benefit from peer education is equally poor. Comprehensive sexual education provided at school may decrease high risk behavior. A substantial minority of young people continues to engage in high-risk practices despite knowing about HIV/AIDS, underestimating their own risk of becoming infected with HIV.It is not known if treating other sexually transmitted infections is effective in preventing HIV. To conclude, AIDS is a very dangerous diseases, so it needs to be controlled.. We must go to all extremes in preventing this virus from spreading much more that it already has. If you could spread it then you need to be tested, educated, isolated and treated. We must do all that it takes to prevent someone else from being infected. References Aids. In Wikipedia. com. Retrieved from http://en. wiki pedia. org/wiki/HIV/AIDS

An Analytical Study Of Alternative Energy Environmental Sciences Essay

In today ‘s industrial society, the hereafter of the planet and its resources are ever something that is in the heads of universe leaders. The natural resources of the planet ca n't last everlastingly and solutions are seeking to be found. While some states are on the manner to a â€Å" greener † manner, other states lag behind and are utilizing up finite resources. Researching alternate energies could hold its benefits but some argument if its cost and other complications might outweigh the benefits. As with every new thought that comes to light, there are two or more sides and sentiments of what is right. One side is that non-renewable dodo fuels are traveling to stop and new beginnings of renewable power demand to be incorporated into today ‘s universe. In a book by David Craddock, Shane Jordan writes a preface about alternate energies. He states that the universe has two option of where to travel following ( 12 ) . One option has pollution, agony, and resources deceasing, while the other has clean skies and oceans and a brighter hereafter. He argues that it is a large determination to do and trust the right pick made. Resources are dwindling and fuels that are used today are holding an consequence on the environment around us. He argues that people have been utilizing up fossil fuels with no respect for the effects to come, as he points out: planetary heating. In the past old ages, people have been seeking to alter the beginning of our energy to something renewable and n on harmful to the environment. New beginnings of energy have been found and renewable energies are the fasted turning energy beginning today. Renewable energy is easy replenished. Beginnings from nature like air current, solar, tidal, and moving ridges can be used to power things and are non harmful to the environment. With lifting costs of fossil fuels, these new beginnings of alternate energy are even more appealing. David Craddock argues that we are sing planetary energy and pollution jobs because we are so dependent on fossil fuels ( 16 ) . These fuels are over 80 per centum of the worldwide energy ingestion. If we had renewable, alternate energies to utilize so there would be less dependence on things that we can ne'er acquire back once more. He declares that when fossil fuels are burned, they release rough chemicals into the air and atmosphere. This amendss people and the environment in the long tally and it is already taking its toll. He argues that it is non a inquiry of if fossil fuels will run out, but when ( 17 ) . The new alternate energy beginnings can be found about anyplace. Solar, H2O, and air current can be found fundamentally anyplace on the planet. Unlike today ‘s energy, where two tierces of oil are found in the Middle East and are capable to oil invasions. Renewable energy is in high sentiment to the public but public functionaries and politicians are more wary and hesitating the brand the alteration because of the cost associated with it. Craddock states that renewable energy costs have gone down and will go on to worsen ( 19 ) . Particularly with fossil fuels consuming and their cost rise, alternate energy, like solar, air current, and H2O, is the clear and logical option. He even states that different beginnings have different costs and benefits and one beginning may be better than the other ( 18-19 ) . While some protest planetary heating, others have Numberss that might call on the carpet those who think it is a myth. â€Å" Before the industrial revolution, the Earth ‘s ambiance contained 280 parts per million of C dioxide. That was good sum†¦ Once we started firing coal and gas and oil to power our lives, that 280 figure started to lift. When we began mensurating in the late fiftiess, it had already reached the 315 degree. Now it ‘s at 380, an increasing by approximately two parts per million yearly † . Since some deny planetary heating and believe the beginnings of energy we have now are all right, this grounds shows that temperatures are lifting and there is more C dioxide in the ambiance and ice on the Earth is runing which causes the H2O degrees to lift, seasons, and rainfall forms ( McKibben 5 ) . Therefore, protagonists of alternate energy see these Numberss and hunt farther for solutions and the convince those opposed to utilizing alternate energy. While some argument the cost of alternate energy, the other side argues that the equipment to utilize the energy is the cost and the existent energy is free. Harmonizing to McKibben, â€Å" The monetary value ticket for the planetary passage will be in the millions of dollars. Of class, along the manner it will make countless new occupations, and when it is complete, it may be a much more elegant system. † His point is that air current, Sun, and other natural resources are free and states ca n't command it or have it ( 5 ) . It is argued that in the long tally, the cost will be less and it will last for much longer than fossil fuels used today. As quoted above, there will no longer be battles over fuels. In past and present, there are wars over oil and some of these issues could be resolved if there were renewable energies to be used without international trading or struggle ( McKibben 5-6 ) . Even though fossil fuels are non renewable, their power is undeniable. Natural beginnings ca n't vie with their powerful flawlessness, but with more development, flawlessness could be possible. Some natural beginnings, like air current, are merely useable in some countries. But when they are used, they work really good. Even in the past 10 old ages engineering for energy has grown significantly. No affair the pick of what is made, the monetary value of gasolene and energy will travel up and the effects of either pick ca n't be given to the future coevalss ( Nersesian 382 ) . Since renewable and alternate energy is a immense argument around to universe, some states are following new ways and it has an affect on the planetary economic system. Asia has adopted new engineerings to convey H2O to drier topographic points and bring forth energy from it ( Moeller 17 ) . With this illustration, other states are besides get downing to integrate new things that will salvage energy. The UK could be in front since they could hold zero C emanations by 2030. The scheme is called Zero Carbon Britain 2030 and they would trust merely on renewable energies like solar, air current, and H2O ( Eisberg 12 ) .With this new thought and survey, some people for the acceptance of alternate energy think that this is hopeful and it gives support to their cause. Though the UK is little, turn outing that alternate energy beginnings could power the state shows that it is possible and within range in the non excessively distant hereafter. Whether or non it the new scheme is adopted can b e a mark as to if the renewable beginnings are effectual and efficient. But if it is set in topographic point, it could get down other states into developing their ain program to hold zero C emanations and lower the pollution from their state ( Eisberg 12 ) . Since the cost is a immense portion of the what makes people against renewable energy, doing a higher cost to foul and utilize fossil fuels could be a manner to actuate people to exchange. Some think that taxing C emanations. But if this happened, it could be hurt alternatively of aid. Peoples who are hapless would merely acquire poorer and there would necessitate to be a manner to calculate out how to non make more harm than good ( McKibben 7 ) . McKibben besides stated that possibly revenue enhancements on things that benefit people be cut such as payroll checks and things that do n't profit us be taxed, like C emanations ( 7 ) . This could besides convey on many jobs and most significantly, would n't travel over good with people or politicians ( McKibben 7-8 ) . On the other side of the alternate energy argument are those who think people should lodge with fossil fuels. The chief statement against alternate and renewable energy is the high cost. Some argue that solar energy, for illustration, is 10 times higher in cost than fossil fuels. Robert L. Bradley Jr. argues that renewable energy is twice every bit expensive as fossil fuels and three times more expensive as excess electricity, on norm. He besides argues that the renewable energy market is besides non every bit competitory as dodo fuels which may maintain monetary values of alternate energy beginnings high ( Bradley 1-5 ) . With concerns over the monetary value of new energy beginnings, some offer thoughts for solutions to take down costs. Harmonizing to Christopher Simon, â€Å" To avoid lifting monetary values, demand for fossil fuels must be curtailed and the development of feasible replacings fuels must quickly continue † ( 6 ) . With today ‘s pitiless universe economic system and money system, some believe that this will ne'er be possible. With the inexpensive monetary values of oil and other dodo fuels compared with renewable energies, it seems improbable that there could be an efficient passage. Some say that while demand creates supply, the demand is n't high plenty to compare the cost to alter the fuels used. Besides, that even if there were to be a planetary passage, the energy created would n't be able to cover the demand for energy ( Simon 7-9 ) . The cost of alternate fuels is the chief concern of people when they hear about alternate energy and it is non without ground. Jonathan Katz provinces, â€Å" The primary challenge for all types of alternate energy is cost, and in peculiar it ‘s cost comparative to conventional fossil fuels. There is an copiousness of agricultural waste that could be converted into biofuel, but the cost of biofuel is more than petroleum-based fuels, so there is a limited biofuel market. The same can be said for municipal waste, solar energy, air current power, etc†¦ .the processing required to change over it to a useable signifier is frequently expensive due to the cost of equipment, limited production graduated table, etc. † ( 2 ) . Because alternate energy, renewable energy, and planetary heating are a big portion of what is heard on the intelligence and in the media, people ever hear about it on manner or another. When a subject that has more that one side arises, one side can dominate the other. Some people that think planetary heating is non a job are normally set aside and non heard from regardless of if their statement has merit ( Derr 9 ) . Derr besides states that in response to Al Gore ‘s film about planetary heating, An Inconvenient Truth, a British telecasting manufacturer created a film rebuting Gore ‘s statements. Many people have non heard of this film because he was non allowed to demo it ( Derr 9 ) . Adding to this, maintaining one side of the statement in the dark is one of the grounds why some argue that the argument is nonreversible and unjust. With the media being such a immense portion of what people see, hear, and believe, some think that this is why all of the grounds why they think alternate energy is non needed is because if this ( 9-10 ) . Derr argues that clime alterations are a portion of how the planet plants and are a natural portion of the Earth ‘s life. Harmonizing to Derr, â€Å" The current warming tendency dates merely about 1975. Before that, a marked chilling period get downing about 1940 led scientific consensus of the 1970s to proclaim planetary chilling and possibly the first marks of an ice age † ( Derr 10 ) . He states that history is full of periods like today that were warmer than they were in the yesteryear. Geologist have proven that big clime alterations have dated all the manner back to prehistoric culture. They determined this by analysing tree rings, ice-core samples, and ocean-bottom deposit. Scientists have determined that these swings occur every 1500 old ages and the forms have nil to make with what people do or set into the air and the clime alterations come before additions in C dioxide ( Derr 10 ) . Harmonizing to those who have similar point of views, researching alternate e nergy is a waste of clip and money because the clime alteration is a natural rhythm and will travel through its natural procedure as it has done in the past ( 10-11 ) . This sentiment could surely hold an consequence on the public and alteration whether or non new alternate energy could be incorporated into mundane life. Others believe that new energy beginnings are out at that place but the current 1s, like solar, air current, and H2O, are non the reply. One point of view is that we should alternatively look into new beginnings to change over into fuel. Fabien Deswarte thinks that things like wheat, wood, straw and other things should be used and converted into bioethanol. By tackling cellulose alternatively of amylum, we could happen a manner to utilize nutrient and waste to fuel today ‘s society. Harmonizing to protagonists of this statement, utilizing these new engineerings could be more effectual and will last longer because people ever will be devouring and utilizing agribusiness. With today ‘s ever-changing society, new energy beginnings are everyplace. Everyone has a different point of view and plausible solution. Keeping with present industries could harm the environment but the solutions presented may non be one hundred per centum effectual. With clip, honing of current solutions is coming and the issues could be worked out. Such a major subject as alternate energy will non happen an reply shortly but advancement in the field is ever something that is in the hereafter. By looking at all the facts and point of views, people can make up one's mind for themselves what actions to take and how to promote alteration or deficiency of alteration to their day-to-day lives.

Global economy: trading blows Essay

There has been diplomacy subtle between the US treasury and China over the China’s exchange rate. The issue has dominated the relationship of the two largest economies that would determine and shape the future of the world economy. US has however received occasional support from Europe and other selected emerging markets. The dispute is that, the Chinese currency policy unbalances the world economy and disadvantages the foreign companies. This has caused the white house to face challenges in the management of its trade and investment relationship with Beijing as it has been evident in the way the American businesses are discontented and fuelled by incidents such as the Google China censorship spat. US is however frustrated by the fact that it lacks the instruments to conduct the international trade policy in the modern economy. The tools it has are inadequate to cope with the interlocking web that China has used to distort the global trade and investment patterns whereby it uses state-sponsored policies. The US has in the past used old fashioned architecture of the trade policy of a metal bashing economy that is predictable as it focus on the exchange rate –on its manufacturers competing head on with Chinese companies in the American market. Though America has â€Å"trade defense â€Å"instruments like the antidumping, countervailing duty and safeguard measures , Chinese imports have not been stopped as evident September last year when one such tool was used provoking a storm of protest from free-traders. When China joined the WTO, US and Europe have got to use a lot of efforts to tame China’s dominance in the global market. However China has experienced growth as it becomes increasigingly interested in locating production locally and selling services like the telecommunications, information Technology and media under the rubric of its â€Å"indigenous innovation† policy. China has successful tamed the influence of US in its economy by claiming that she is modernizing her economy while it ascend the value of chain and ease way from dependence on foreign companies for investment and technology. Procurement is used to favor Chinese companies through idiosyncratic technical standards like the homegrown wireless technology which deny licensing to more familiar international standards. This has made the foreign business representatives criticize the policy publicly claiming that they are less and less welcomed in china. The menu of options available to mitigate such problem is limited. The most obvious is the litigation at the WTO. This option is one of the attractive ones that has made Beijing accepts the normal part of trade relations, not a declaration of war. It has drawback from the issue like IPR after it lost a case on the enforcement of IPR. On the issue of revaluing renminbi; that is allowing its currency to increase, China has made a bold step of abandoning its currency peg to the US dollar and adopting a more â€Å"flexible† exchange rate policy. This decision would temporarily cause international criticism as evident at the Canadian G20 summit that almost turned into a bash-China session before Beijing announced that that it was changing the policy. The US administration however notched that this was a victory for behind the scenes diplomacy as there was the risk that the currency dispute that would descend to into a trade war. This dispute had now been solved, the Obama administration claimed The economic impact of the policy has however been limited as renminbi has only appreciated by 0. 3 percent. Chinese officials have ruled out any significant increase in the value of currency given that there is a decline in the current account surplus. However there is some element of politics and Beijing is desperate to avoid an impression that it is giving into the foreign pressure as well as avoid a revive criticism by the US that she is gaming the trading system due to a foreseeable slow appreciation of the Chinese yen against the US dollar. References: Alan Beatie. (2010, July5). Global Economy: Trading Blows. Financial Times 2010. Retrieved July 6, 2010 from

An Evening Walk by the Sea Shore Essay

After a hard day’s work, nothing is more refreshing than a quiet walk along the shore of the sea. While the exercise is good for our bodies, the presence of the ocean seems to have a pe ­culiarly tranquillizing influence upon our minds. Every sight and sound inspires a spirit of rest and peacefulness; and the effect is enhanced by the absence of the sights and sounds to which we have been exposed throughout the day. It is a delightful change, after escaping from the noisy bustle of our daily work, to hear the ceaseless music of the waves, and to breathe the fresh sea-breezes instead of the vitiated atmosphere of office or class-room. During our walk along the margin of the sea we enjoy the view of the broad expanse of waters spread out before our eyes, an unfailing source of delight to any one capable of appreciating the beauties of nature. For the ocean in all its changeful moods never ceases to be beautiful, and is especially beautiful at the hour of sunset. The spectacle presented by the setting sun, as it sinks beneath the ocean wave, is one of the greatest charms of an evening walk by the seashore. In India, for the greater part of the year, the clouds, whose fantastic shapes and brilliant hues add so much to the beauty of an English sunset, are wanting. But even in a cloudless sky when â€Å"the broad sun is sinking down, in his tranquility† and â€Å"the gentleness of heavens on the sea,† the spectacle presented to the eye is full of claim beauty. For some time after the sun has set, the sky is suffused with delicate tints of colour, until the first stars begin to appear on its darkening surface, and day finally gives place to night. In the beginning and the end of the monsoon we have splendid specimens of cloudy sunset, such as surpass the most vivid description given by En ­glish poets, and would, if faithfully depicted on canvas, be con ­demned as exaggerated representations of nature. At this time of year, while the evening sky is still of an intense blue, the clouds are tinged with gold, and purple, and all the colors of the rainbow, and the sea beneath repeats the brilliant coloring of the sky and the clouds above. From such a revelation of the beauties of nature the poor man derives as much pleasure as the choicest collection of paint ­ings and sculptures and other works of art affords to the million ­aire. Indeed, when we look with reverent awe upon the sea and sky at the hour of sunset, it does not seem  strange to us that the great powers of nature were once worshipped as gods; and the tranquillizing effect that the sea, especially in the evening, has upon the spectator, enables us to understand how the ancients found it natural to go to the shore and pour out their sorrows to the sea, when the hearts were overburdened with care and no mortal being seemed capable of giving consolation. Wordsworth, the great English poet, felt and beautifully expressed this in his sonnet beginning. â€Å"The world is too much with us,† in which he mourned the fact that most people had lost the power of appre ­ciating the beauty of nature, by giving themselves up to business and worldly pleasure â€Å"late and soon, Getting and spending we lay waste our powers.† He ends with this passionate outburst of desire for the old Greek love and reverence for nature. â€Å"Great God! I’d rather be A Pagan suckled in a creed outworn, so might I, standing on this pleasant lea, Have glimpses that would make me less forlorn; Have sight of Proteus rising from the sea; Or hear old Triton blow his wreathed horn.†

Business Ethics And Cross Cultural Management Commerce Essay

Business Ethics And Cross Cultural Management Commerce Essay Ethics, or more accurately, the lack of ethics, on the part of business and government leaders has lately received significant attention in the mass media and has been a topic of discussion among the public, as well as the different organizations in the world (Peppas 2002). Business ethics has gained the attention of many scholars and executives in both private and public sectors because of many unethical practices that are being reported. This includes the cases of large multinational organizations including Enron (Rashid & Ibrahim 2007). This is the reason why many studies about cultural differences and business ethics have been implemented in the past years. This literature review is conducted in order to analyze and evaluate the arguments regarding the different aspects that are related with business ethics and differences in cultures. Implications of Business Ethics The concept about ethics is considered as a complex matter because it is predicated on an interchange of views re garding the belief systems of individual among the citizens of any culture (Svensson & Wood 2003). The study of business ethics and its connection for the stakeholders of organizations have experienced fast growth in the past few decades. The literature about business ethics is divided on its views regarding the motivation and the cause for organizations to have their ethical dimension. The study of Harrison (2001) showed that there are two main schools of thoughts – first are those who suggest that firms are operating in order to generate profit, therefore, business ethics is considered as another means of attracting the customers, while the second are those who supported some corporate conscience as well as inherent motivation for the implementation of business ethics. On the other hand, Paul (2001) considered business ethics are very subjective in nature because it is a function of time and culture – therefore, the business ethics have changed, together with the cul tural values and norms motivated the business ethics in the national and regional boundaries. The study of Hofstede (1983) is considered as one of the most important studies which show the differences of countries or nations in terms of cultures and values. The study showed that there are 4 vital indicators which include individualism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance and masculinity which shows great differences in the culture among different nations. The study of Vinten (1991) divided the issues of business ethics in different degree, which include international business, domestic business and professional ethics. Each level constitute for different level of some unethical activities perform by organizations and businesses. Even though, there are many studies which show importance of ethics, and even though it is being followed by different organizations, there are still many reasons and disapproval of adoption of ethics in the world of business. This is connected to the stud y of Stemberg (1994) which focuses on the case of rejected relativism. It stated that ethics is seen as excessively theoretical, at the same time, contradict the primary reason of any business and it is also lacking of direction in terms of harmony across the different cultures. Â   Business Ethics and Cultural Differences

Problems in teaching history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Problems in teaching history - Essay Example Consequently, the subject appears to be, not surprisingly, unloved by pupils. The given paper will discuss what is wrong with American history and why it appears to be false and really boring for students. Young people, who enter higher level institutions and start learning history there, usually become surprised, because many historical facts they were taught in school appear to be different. However, many people do not enter such establishments and many of those who do choose not to learn history. They do not want to continue learning it, because schools do not usually accept discussions and debates. Thus, the discipline is turned into gathering of logically disconnected uninteresting facts, while a lot of remarkable ones are missed because they are unlikable. In order not to explain to students the facts, which are not very pleasant for American citizens, instructors prefer to exclude them. Therefore, pupils do not know about real events and, as they usually omit negative ones, they call there past â€Å"good old days†. This automatically generates an opinion that America always acted properly, without any mistakes. Young people think that the United States is the best country in the world and other countries just envy and try to imitate its behavior. Believing that other countries are admiring the United States, young people become shocked, when something like the events of 9/11 happen. Suddenly, they got to know that many nations hate Americans, but can’t understand why, because did not learn real historical facts. The history is false and that is why it is uninteresting. James Loewen explains: The same things that make history false are what makes it boring. Many high school history teachers are teaching out of field. That is, they don’t have a degree in history or a related discipline. And they usually aren’t even interested in history. So they