Ap World Midterm Study Guide

1. Hinduism- Caste System, Enlightenment, no holy book, no single founder, India, polytheistic, Buddhism- India, no caste system, egalitarian, Siddhartha Gautama, missionaries, Nirvana, Eight fold path, four noble truths, Enlightenment Christianity-Monotheistic, Jesus, Bible, Jerusalem, Missionaries, Heaven and Hell 2. Domestication of Animals, Complex societies, Specialization, Cities, Government, Religion, Record Keeping, Social Classes, Technology 3. Located near rivers, Agriculture, irrigation, Rulers, social hierarchy, 4. Development of Agriculture and Domestication 5. Democracy, Representative, voting, Senate, ruler 6. Buddhism- Zen Buddhism, Filial Piety, Hinduism-not syncretic Christianity-Catholic, Protestant, Baptist, Lutheran 7. Size, Bureaucracies, Emphasis on Family, Roads, Religions, Han-Confucianism, Rome-Christianity, 8. Nomadic, Clans, Wars over oasis, no central religion, Chiefs of clans, 9. Pray every day towards Mecca, Alms giving, Hajj to Mecca, fasting, Declaration of Faith 10. In Arabian peninsula spread through trade and missionaries, contagious 11. Sense of Unity, peace among the clans, sacred texts were stored 12. Housewives 13. Each invasion caused the capital to move north 14. LEFT BLANK 15. LEFT BLANK 16. Missionaries 17. Started to decline 18. Many were animistic, salt as a substitute for gold 19. Christian, rich due to slaves 20. United the people 21. Arabian Peninsula, Red or Black sea, 22. Barter 23. Major trade routes influenced Kiev Russia 24. Structures, law codes, bureaucracy 25. Patriarch held power, rituals, priest celibacy, orthodox priests could marry, excommunication each other in 1054 26. Similar to china, emperor ordained by god, head of church and state, practiced lay investiture, women eld imperial throne (exe Empress Theodora and Zoe), byzantine bureaucrats recruited from all classes, recruited troops, empire depended on Constantinople 27. Lost land, economic decline, Constantinople fell 28. Social examination, formal 29. Used to regain the holy land, last crusade sacked Constantinople, pope ordered it, increase of trade, established religious capital 30. Lords and vassals, serfs, relied on agriculture, fiefs, 3 field system, technology advancements 31. Religious Leaders- Pope, Bishops, Priests, Pope Urban II, Gregory IV, Literary Leaders- Chaucer, Machiavelli, Thomas Aquinas Philosophical Leaders- Saint Clare, Saint Francis 32. Trade increase, manufacturing, territorial gain, 33. both had slaves, West Africa relied on Hunting and gathering, South America had agriculture, 34. Disease, gunpowder 35. Peasants, kings 36. Wars, trade, military 37. Indians, hunter gatherer 38. Aztecs conquered the toltecs 39. Anti-Buddhist, rejected 40. Status of women decreased 41. Unification by Wendi, ended famine, lowered taxes, Yang Di overworked peasants 42. Better examination system, paper money, plow, grand canal, junk ships 43. Male dominance, revival of Confucianism 4. Both had a bureaucracy and examination exam, Chinese had a dynastic succession, Europeans had a fight for power, in china empresses are possible, 45. Peasants reduced to serfdom, over worked, 46. Yi, Koryo, Silla 47. Manorial System, everyone had an important society, 48. Military Elites eventually became part of the imperial court 49. Dynasties, all modeled after Chinese except for Vietnam 50. Women w ere almost equal to men, herded a lot, warlike 51. Golden Horde-affected Russia Empire of Kublai Khan-China Ilkhan- Persia Djagatai –central Asia 52. Mongols cut Russia off, inhibited culture and technology, Mongols destroyed the Islamic heartland 53. Tumens 1k cavalries 54. Harsh, no prosperity, short-lived, smaller conquests 55. Clothing, Arabians spread religion to Indians, Arabs spread technology to Europe, Europeans wanted to trade with India 56. Peasant uprisings, high taxes, abuse of power, Mongol threat, economic decline 57. Increase trade, conquest, Portuguese freed Ethiopians from Islam 58. Increased influence through the arts, Enlightenment, Literature by Machiavelli and others 59. Disease, slave trade, fall of many civilizations 60. Technology, Animals, Leadership, Conquest 61. World Trade, Slaves 62. Decreased population, Inflation, Competition 63. Guns, Boats, Technology 64. Core Area-main area of power in country, Dependent Zone- are dependent on core areas 65. Australia, 66. God doesn’t influence life, people control their own life 67. Based on scientific findings, god wasn’t involved 68. Against sacraments, against priest celibacy, protested against the Catholics, 30 years war, more conflicts, 69. Sell more than you buy, everyone tried to sell their wares 70. Louis the XIV suppressed the nobility, gained all the power, spread around 71. Russia had a smaller economy, Russia was technologically limited, Russia was bigger, exerted more power 72. Tsar suppressed the local nobility 73. Westernization, too much imports, not enough exports 74. Brutal, overworked, not advanced in technology, 75. Serfdom in Russia, Slaves in Western Europe, absolute monarchies in both 76. Militaristic, White, strong leadership, imperialistic 77. Discovery of gold and silver, inflation 78. Plantations, slaves, 79. Imaginary North to South line, separates Spanish and Portuguese colonies 80. Based on plantations, silver mining, slave trade 1. Replaceable, easy to attain, cheap, complimentary industries flourished 82. Gun slave trade, internal strife, dominance, War for slaves 83. Set up ports, applied own rules, controlled coast, supplied arms, 84. Common sense 85. Decrease in males, increase in polygamy, decrease in labor 86. Powerful, lots of land, Good government, 87. A bigot, 88. Internal strife, Isma’il took power 89. Under safavids treated poorly, under the ottomans treated well 90. Cared less about the dynasties progress and more over the arts, 91. Difference-religion, Similarity- education and learning,

Callaway Golf Company- Manufacturing Inventory

Answers to Case 6: Callaway Golf Company-Manufacturing Inventory. a. The costs expected to be in the raw materials inventory are: costs of materials such as wood, iron, plastic and/or optic fiber that have yet to be placed in production. The costs expected to be in the work in process inventory are the cost of materials placed in production plus the labor and allocated overhead utilized so far. The costs expected to be in the finish goods inventory are the materials, labor and allocated overhead incurred to make the finished products on hand. b.Inventories are net of an estimated allowance for obsolete or unmarketable inventory. c. i. The Reserve for obsolete inventories’ account does not appear on Callaway’s financial statements because it has already been subtracted off the inventory account. The gross amount of inventory at the end of 2006 is $247,795. 00, and at the end of 2007 is $232,872. 00 Of the $20,129. 00 of reserve for obsolete inventory, $6,537. 90, is attr ibutable to raw materials inventory, 154. 99 is attributable to work-in-process inventory, and $13,436. 11 to finished goods inventory. d.JE to record activity in reserve for obsolete inventory during 2007 (in thousands) Cost of Sales$ 12,182. 00 Provision for obsolete inventory12,182. 00 Provision for obsolete inventory 9,368. 00 Inventory 9,368. 00 e. i. The cost of finished goods sold in 2007 was $619,186. 00 The cost of finished goods transferred from work-in-process in 2007 was$247,109 iii. The cost of raw materials transferred to work-in-process in 2007 was $90,982. 00 The cost of raw materials purchased during 2007 was $87,369. 00 v. The amount of cash disbursed for raw-material purchases during 2007 was $54,350. 00. ($95,297. 00-$40,947. 00) Read also: Advantages and Disadvantages of Administrative Management

Berlin Diaries Vs Survival In Auschwitz Essay

Berlin Diaries Vs. Survival In Auschwitz Essay, Research Paper Berlin Diaries V. Survival in Auschwitz The two books Berlin Diaries by Marie Vassiltchikov and Survival in Auschwitz by Primo Levi both chronicle World War II from two different positions. They are both personal histories from each writer # 8217 ; s existent experiences. The two books have different formats, points, facts, and actualities. For illustration, Berlin Diaries is in existent diary format, and Survival in Auschwitz is in narrative format. I found that Berlin Diaries was harder to read because of the format, where Survival in Auschwitz was easier to follow. Besides both narratives were taken from two really different points of position. Marie Vassiltchikov was a Russian blue blood that fled Russia and was seeking safety in Germany. Primo Levi was an Italian Jew who was captured by the Nazis and taken to a concentration cantonment. Vassiltchikov was free, she lived a restricted life, but she still had her freedom. Levi was a captive ; he lived a prisoner slave life and had no autonomies or freedoms. This difference seems to be the most eventful. They led such different lives. Levi was the absolute curse of the Nazi being, as they were to him. In contrast, Vassiltchikov really worked for the Nazis ; granted to hold the freedom that she did, that # 8217 ; s where she had to work. But still, Vassiltchikov had freedom, how much more different could one get from being a Judaic captive in a Nazi concentration cantonment, as Levi was. There are so many points to this major contrast that it about encompasses the full construct of comparing and contrasting he two. While there could non be anything more opposite than holding freedom and being a captive, there were still other differences that had no respect to Vassiltchikov and Levi # 8217 ; s existent life conditions. Missy ( Vassiltchikov ) originally was flying the Russian ground forces. They would hold killed her for being an blue blood. Primo # 8217 ; s danger was ever from the Nazis. His Judaic # 8220 ; race # 8221 ; was his grade of decease. As mentioned above, Missy was a Russian blue blood ; Primo was from the working category of Italy. Generally their demographic backgrounds could non acquire much different either. Religion was besides a major and blinding difference. Besides as mentioned above Primo was a Jew and Missy was Christian. This difference is what separated them further in Missy # 8217 ; s freedom and Primo # 8217 ; s imprisonment. Another difference that played a immense function in each book was the existent placing of each narrative. Missy wrote her journals as she traveled through out Germany and Europe. She experienced bombardment, metropoliss being destroyed and the existent war right in forepart of her. Primo on the other manus, may hold been right in the center of the war # 8217 ; s causes, but he neer saw the combat and the bombs like Missy did. Girl may hold had freedom, but she was out in the center of the battleground. It is a difficult realisation to hold that Primo could be in a immense Nazi labour cantonment and non of all time truly experience World War II from the existent war position. He was the war, but neer truly saw it. He lived a war but it was a different war ; his was internal, unsafe and merely as life threatening as being on the forepart lines, but it was about like all the other combat was non-existent to his day-to-day conflict of life. Another enormous difference was the format of each book. Berlin Diaries was merely that, a diary. Missy wrote what was go oning as it was go oning. She had no clip to reflect on her experiences, she merely took history for things as they happened. Survival in Auschwitz was written in retrospect to the war. Primo wrote it as a memoir and had old ages to reflect on his experiences. He wrote it to read like a narrative. One can follow his day-to-day life and acquire a image of what this snake pit on Earth called Auschwi tz was truly similar. It gives a graphic history of what life, as a Judaic captive in a Nazi labour cantonment, would be like. Berlin Diaries, since it was a diary, makes it harder to acquire that image of life. Missy is frequently concerned with her ideas and personal life while she is right in the center of acquiring bombed. It might look really petty at times, but those bombs were her life. She was non seeking to do a narrative out of it. She was merely composing how she lived. If one were to populate in the center of the battleground during a war, one would still populate their life. She could non hold realized at the clip that she was right in the center of something that was altering the universe as she knew it. How could anyone cognize that what is go oning to him or her right now is history? To them, it is merely their life. If Primo were to compose Survival in Auschwitz as it were go oning, the book would be wholly different. The differences between these two books that are about the same war have many differences ; nevertheless they have some analogues and similarities every bit good. The first major similarity is that they are about the same war. They have the same causes and the same factors set uping the same period in clip. The Nazis are present in both books, and are viewed negatively in both. Their lives were drastically changed by the same war. They may hold been in different state of affairss, but the same grounds put them in those state of affairss. They were from such different backgrounds, but brought down by the same thing. Everything was comparative. Both Primo and Missy were populating out of necessity ; they had nil of their former lives. Their personal properties and loved 1s were gone. Their lives were brought down to desolation and bare endurance. They were missing the agencies to populate as they had ever known. They had no control over their environment or how they lived. They struggled to populate each twenty-four hours. One major analogue for them was nutrient. They were both hungering, Primo was hungering as a signifier of anguish, and Missy was merely being badly rationed ; but none the lupus erythematosus they were both hungering. Both of them wrote about nutrient invariably, they obsessed over it. Food or any sort of nutriment was the chief concern of both Missy and Primo # 8217 ; s lives. Besides they both lived each twenty-four hours in fright of their lives. Primo was in changeless fright of acquiring selected to travel to the gas chamber or merely death of famishment. Missy feared acquiring caught by the Soviet ground forces, acquiring killed by bombing and the Nazis. She was involved in some things that if she were caught, she would decidedly be killed. Both Missy and Primo spent their lives in changeless passage from one life agreement to another every bit good. Primo was ever being shifted from one barracks to another to the infirmary to another barracks. Missy was ever go forthing one little flat to another bantam flat, from metropolis to metropolis. They both had to cover with holding no place, no individuality and no topographic point of comfort. While everything that happened to Primo may hold been a signifier of anguish inflicted on him by the Nazis, and Missy # 8217 ; s desolation was merely due to the war ramping along, both still suffered. As one can see, these two books about World War II can be looked at on different degrees of comparing and contrast. It may look at first that they are merely similar on the surface, but one time one looks deeper into each narrative they have a figure of similarities. They have analogues on every degree of human life and endurance when faced with despair and desolation. To look at World War II through these two positions gives the reader a much more accurate and realistic image of the war than any history book of all time could. Both Survival in Auschwitz and Berlin Diaries give a complete existent life sense to a war that can frequently look unreal or incredible in modern times.

Burning of Fossil Fuels Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Burning of Fossil Fuels - Essay Example This act has been faced by many criticisms but at the same time the environmentalists have deemed it necessary for reducing global warming. In this paper we shall discuss the pros and cons of this EPA policy and its impact on the environment as well as its social impacts. The burning of fossil fuels like coal and oil, has led to emission of greenhouses in excessive amounts. Although the green house is essential for our survival as it keeps the earth surface warmer but release of excessive gasses in the atmosphere will increase the temperature of the Earth’s surface from 3.2 to 7.2?F above 1990 levels by the end of this century. This will not have an adverse effect on the environment but will also badly affect people, plants and animals. The Federal government of U.S is continuously working towards its aim to stop global warming. Many measures are been taken by them, one of which is reduce the emissions of CO2 by the coal power plants and encouraging the use of natural gas for power plants. These measures are definitely necessary for preserving the environment. It will save thousands of lives from various diseases- heart and lung diseases, malaria, smog diseases, chronic bronchitis, asthma, severe coughs and so on. Our children will grow up as healthier individuals without having to face the diseases in their childhood. Furthermore it will restore back the nature to its original form.

Malaya Political History Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Malaya Political History - Research Paper Example The Malay population, however, has been more involved in the cultivation of rice and has therefore contributed in a great way to the agricultural sector. They have formed a greater part of the rural population of Malaysia, a fact that has been tried to be altered by the Malaysian government through conscious social engineering, in an attempt to provide the Malays with more employment opportunities. 3. Since 1957 Malaysian politics has been governed by the politics of ethnicity. British colonial rule had encouraged large-scale Chinese and Indian immigration, which contributed to the social and economic deprivation of the Malays, the Muslim indigenous population. The United Malays National Organization, the most important component of the BN coalition, has always stressed Malay development as its priority. However, because of the number and political importance of the minority groups, it has needed to govern in close collaboration with parties representing Chinese and Indian community interests. ... 4. The policy of the Japanese government towards Islam in Malaysia was one that accorded respect to the freedom of the Malaysians to follow a religion of their own choice. However, on the ground, they were unable to follow their own policy as a result of the intolerance and insensitivity that their soldiers practiced while they were expected to enforce the policy of tolerance towards religion. They continually engaged in the consumption of alcohol in mosques and other such activities on premises that were considered sacred by Muslims. This resulted in anger on the part of the Muslims towards the Japanese forces, who had in any case caused great damage to the economy and lifestyle of the Malaysians. 5. The  United Malays National Organization is  Malaysia's largest political party which has played an important role in Malaysian politics since  independence. The  Pan-Malaysian Islamic Par is an  Islamist  political party  in Malaysia and is currently headed by Dato' Serià ‚  Abdul Hadi Awang. In rural peninsular Malaysia, and particularly the relatively poor northeast, Parti Islam Se-Malaysia has been the primary opposition party since 1977 when it split from the BN. Though ostensibly non-racial, its main support base lies among Malays who would like to see Islamic values implanted more firmly in the constitution and daily life. Though it failed to make significant impact at the federal level until the 2008 elections, PAS has controlled the Kelantan state government since 1990, and the wider challenge that it poses has contributed to UMNO adopting an increasingly Islamist stance in order to appease the pro-Islam sections of the population. 6. UMNO is generally regarded as the "protector and champion Malay supremacy, which states that

Uranium Export of Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Uranium Export of Australia - Essay Example We had seen how militarized Iraq attacked hapless Kuwait with a view of controlling its oil wells. But with climate change, nature alone will signal the demise of our mother earth. It's important to note down that there is only one common solution to both problems and that is, nuclear reactors. Why Let us elucidate things before we tackle the subject of uranium-fueled nuclear reactors. The pages of newspapers tell us that the world climate has gone berserk. It is a fact that the ocean's water levels are fast rising putting to danger of being swallowed by the oceans low-lying atolls, islands and continents. This is the end result of the melting of the ice-caps of Greenland and Antarctica due to the elevation of world temperature as a result of the blanketing of earth by greenhouse gases such as CO2, methane etc. that are the emissions of industries which burn coal, petroleum and natural gases (Suplee 55). Engineers and scientists' solution to generate electricity for power plants, heat for industries and domestic use and propulsion for nuclear marine and rocket propulsion (Kunstler 139). What is important is that the process doesn't involve emission of gases that causes global warming. But there cannot be any nuclear power without uranium-235 or plutonium-239. But since plutonium is a rare radioactive, metallic chemical element and uranium widely occurs in nature and is mined in great quantities in Australia and elsewhere as uraninite or pitchblende ore, then only uranium is being used worldwide. Like global warming, the world is also saddled by both soaring petroleum prices and depletion of fossil fuels such as oil and coal which happen to cause climate change. Like hopeless addicts, industrialized nations are dependent on oil, which prices are controlled and manipulated by OPEC as well as by events in oil-producing countries. Thus, the soaring cost of oil is wreaking havoc on economies all over the world, weakening the dollar and causing global financial crisis. Businesses and consumers are feeling the pinch as lives of the common masses are pushed to desperation with high prices of goods and high inflation (Morrell 87). While some are scampering to search for oil substitutes such as biofuels and jatropha seed oil, most developed nations have set their eyes on uranium-fueled nuclear power plants as the solution to the problem. Nuclear power plants cannot run without uranium. Thus, the high demand for uranium from countries such as Australia. In fact Martin Ferguson, Australia's Minister for Resources and Energy was quoted as saying: "Energy security and climate change are set to drive a significant increase in global demand for Australia's uranium. With around 27% of the world's

Normal Distribution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Normal Distribution - Essay Example For a group of statistics to be reliable, they need to have a normal or bell-shaped curve. In order to help achieve this outcome, the mean will need to be as close to the center as possible. Also, the standard deviation will likely be small in order to help the curve remain tall and narrow. The reason why normal distribution is so useful computationally is that it allows us to make conclusions from the data at hand. Let’s say, for instance, that a graph was skewed either to the left of the right. It would be very hard to come to any conclusive theories based off the data. This is because the data would not be reliable and could not be used to make any assumptions. Normal distribution is symmetrical, so it is easy to make conclusions just by looking at it with the naked eye. Other forms of data may require detailed calculations in order to make an inference or hypothesis. If a curve displays normal distribution, then the mean will be exactly the same figure as the median and the mode. Also, the standard deviations will be within a set range of numbers. If a curve is bell-shaped, then more than two thirds of the distribution (68%) will lie between one standard deviation of the mean. More than this, 95% of the data will be located within two standard deviations of the mean. All these figures are useful when working out probability. It is possible to say that there is a certain percent of a variable falling within a certain range on the graph. The tests such as Goodness of Fit, Independence, and ANOVA all use other distributions because the data is not symmetrically aligned. It could be that the distribution is skewed, either to the left or the right, and thus it is not possible to come to a conclusion simply by looking at the graph. The occurrence of outliers is also likely in such a case. One such method is the Chi-square

Underage Drinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Underage Drinking - Essay Example Lacks of legal framework coupled by moral decay in the society are the two main barriers to mitigating the problem of underage drinking. The number of young people engaging in underage drinking has been increasing with time. Everyday there are more than 5,000 kids in the US who are aged 16 and below who have the first full alcoholic drink. Statistics have shown that alcohol is the most abused substance compared to other like tobacco, marijuana, or other hard drugs by the young people. The average age of drinking has been set ad 12 to 17 years although the average age at which kids are introduced to alcoholic drinks is at 13 years. The episode of binge dirking has also been increasing with time. It is shown that the level of binge drinking by young people has increased by more that a half compared to the level in 1990s. Between 1993 and 2001 studies have found out that more than 56% of the kids aged between 13 and 20 had at least one binge drinking occasion in the past 30 days. A recent study has show that more than 10.8 million persons between the age of 12 and 20 reported to have been drinking alcohol in the past on e month. Almost 7.2 million of them were binge drinkers. (The Center for Alcohol Marketing, 2008) There are many reasons that have given by the young drinkers as to why they find it easy to abuse alcohol compared to other substances. They have given a variety of reasons but the availability of alcohol and lack of restrictive laws on the use of alcohol has been given as the most prevalent factor why they abuse alcohol than other drugs It has been shown that alcohol is readily available and can be purchased without restrictions unlike other substances. But a good number of them also showed that there is little apparently control. Even when they go to their home drunk, they are not reprimanded by their parents. This is perhaps the greatest factor that has contributed to increased number of underage drinking as compared to other reasons that can be given. It shows an intricate moral decay and lack of parental control on underage drinking. On the issue of availably of the drinks, the convenient suitor have been criticized for promoting under age drinking they have been providing drinks to the kids even without need of identification. While there are strict government laws regulation the sale of alcohol in other areas, these rules have not been well enforced in convenience stores. The fact that there are not official to look at what kids are drinking makes it more complicated to control underage drinking. However it may be difficult for the convenience stores to put in place control measures that will ensure that underage drinkers don't purchase drinks since it has been shown that some of them come in company of their parents and purchase the drinks. The issue of underage drinking has been tackled using a variety of tactics. The state security machinery including the police force has been directed to deal firmly with the problem. But the underage

Complete a Case Analysis of Kraft Foods Inc Assignment

Complete a Case Analysis of Kraft Foods Inc - Assignment Example The alternative strategies were given out based on the analysis that was noted in the company analysis. Existing Mission, Objectives, and Strategies Located in the UK, Kraft Food Company, the mission statement of the company is based on a rational strategic plan to start executing it. Established in 1903, the company is a manufacturing conglomerate located in Illinois, a suburb in Chicago, USA and specializes in grocery. A manufacturing firm, the company grocery collection has a big lineation to direct food items such as convenience foods, confectionery, snacks, beverage and cheese. The company operates in more than 170 countries all over the world. The company does not operate on the basis of production of the named food items a lone but specializes in marketing, innovation, health and wellness as well as health sustainability (Kraft, 2013). The company operations are therefore based on a mission statement that looks to promote a good health in all the company customers and thus goe s ‘Make Today Delicious’. The universality is inculcated in the fact that the company is a multinational. The mission is all about what the company is and the company is about the customers, their health and the general life that they live. The company strategies in view of the mission statement are quite diverse. ... Production is not only a way of market sustenance, the company therefore wishes to create a human resource management strength in which all the market will be willing to work for it. The last laid strategy is that the company wishes to make itself be recognized as a high performance as far as the market is concerned. In view of these strategies, the company came up with some objectives that would see it realize the strategies that it had planned to achieve. The first object that the company wishes to implement is the acceleration of growth of core brands. The second is that the company wishes to extend the awareness of the value of its products in the developing countries. Moreover, the company wishes to increase its value of those brands that are considered as low quality in the market. This will be done at the lowest possible cost in the market. The last objective again is based on human resource and is leveled towards development of the company values through employment of committ ed employees. A new mission statement can be created for the company based on a combination of its existing values as well as inclusion of the strategic objectives more than is covered. It would take close proximity to ‘Making Today and Tomorrow Delicious’. This would mean the company opens up more branches all over the world so that it is able to impact everyone positively. The company will therefore do this through provisions for a well experienced more knowledgeable employment team, cleaner restaurants and at affordable prices. SWOT (TOWS) Analysis of Kraft Food Inc. Multinational companies have very wide market coverage and therefore have the

Applying qualitative research methodology to an educational problem Paper

Applying qualitative methodology to an educational problem - Research Paper Example roach is most appropriate using structured and semi-structured interview templates, observational research scenarios, or a blend of survey assessments designed to examine subject responses. Are the study habits of online versus traditional students different? This research question can be answered using the structured and semi-structured interview. First, an appropriate sample population must be determined based on researcher tools at his or her disposal and the feasibility of getting consistent results from students in the online environment. For this study, using interactive media tools, online interviews can be conducted using chat technology and similar social networking sites. Recruiting the population would involve achieving participation with the online college or university website to distribute a notice that interviews for academic study habits are available and to register for this event. This could achieve a potential sample population of 5 to 15 students, depending on willingness to participate in the online interview. Personal interviews with traditional, on-campus students could be conducted at any local college or university, with a recruitment sample of 5-15 students additionally who might be willing to be interviewed for this research study. The interviews will ask specific questions pertaining to study habits, to both the traditional and online students. Questions such as Do you prefer to study alone or in groups? and similar templates will spotlight behavioral responses regarding the performance of studying. These would be determined based on the available secondary literature on the subject and the professional/expert theories regarding previously-examined study behaviors of both groups. This secondary research could potentially create a template of potential interview questions which remove issues of researcher bias or other situations which may impact validity. The interview format is most appropriate for this study because it allows the

UC Essay Prompt Essay Example for Free

UC Essay Prompt Essay Prompt 1: Describe the world you come from — for example, your family, community or school — and tell us how your world has shaped your dreams and aspirations. The school that I come from, Campolindo High School, is one of the best high schools in the state. We were often told to not be worried about getting what we believe to be bad grades in the harder classes that we take because getting a B or sometimes even a C is equivalent to get an A in most other high schools. We have been told throughout high school that a high standard is expected of us, like receiving high scores on standardized tests like the SAT, ACT, AP exams, the CAHSEE, and the Star tests. We are also expected to behave a certain way outside of school because it has a reputation to uphold and all of us are linked to that reputation. I think that high standard from Campolindo has transferred and been engrained in life outside of school. From this point on in my life, I will expect only the best of myself because anything less than that isn’t worth the time or the effort and it just looks bad to other people as well. I don’t have to succeed all the time in everything that I do, but I must always learn from what I fail at so the next time I attempt it, I will succeed. Campolindo High School has opened up endless possibilities for my future and I am very excited to experience them. Prompt 2: Tell us about a personal quality, talent, accomplishment, contribution or experience that is important to you. What about this quality or accomplishment makes you proud and how does it relate to the person you are? Going to Hayward La Honda Music Camp is an experience that I will never forget. The camp feels like its cut off from the rest of the world, none of the problems from my life follow me to band camp. It’s a place where I forget all of my troubles for the week that I am there, a nice escape from reality. It’s also a place to meet fun and interesting new people. The campers who go there range from entering sixth grade to graduating high school. All the different levels of musicianship come together within several bands, orchestras, and even choir. Everyone always learns something about playing better because there is always someone who is better than them at La Honda. Band camp is the best place to hear strange stories as well as the best place to get stories to tell to friends at school, because everyone loves a story that starts out with â€Å"one time at band camp†. La Honda doesn’t just teach me how to play my oboe better; it teaches me how to grow as a person. I learn about teamwork and how to communicate with others with gestures and thoughts instead of words. I have also learned about disciplining myself, holding back impulses, thinking things through before I make a decision. All of these skills that I learn at band camp will not only help me when playing with a band or orchestra, but in all areas of my life. What I learn at band camp can’t be learned in my high school band. At high school, most of the people aren’t committed to making music, they take band because it’s an easy class to get a good grade in, their parents made them take it, it looks good for college, especially if they started in sixth or seventh grade, they can screw around with their friends during rehearsal, or they need at least one year of a performing arts class in order to graduate. At La Honda, everyone is there because they want to work together to create the most beautiful music that they can possible create. La Honda isn’t just about playing music though, it’s about making friendships and learning all kinds of skills that will last throughout your life.

Six steps to writing a successful narrative Essay Example for Free

Six steps to writing a successful narrative Essay A narrative should be able to tell a story, whether it relates to fiction or non-fiction ideas. In writing any form of literary narrative, several steps should be followed to arrive at a coherent and consistent whole. The first step involves the identification of an appropriate topic, that which stirs the best interest of the target reader. It is in this first step that the attention of the reader will be established. Secondly, the major details that will be interwoven into the storyline must be gathered, included in which are the characters, setting, conflict and the events that make up the plot. Without this, the narrative may be exposed into several risks like, disorganized thoughts and missing details. It may further contribute confusion to readers since this part lays all the foundations of pre-creating a story. Subsequently, the results of the gathered information must undergo the assessment of an instructor or any learned narrative writer. This serves as a guide whether supplementary accounts must be added or eliminated. The fourth step, which necessarily deals with the construct of an outline, takes account of the introduction, the main events and the conclusion. Gathered details are coherently fabricated according to the writer’s choice of style, whether for a tone of whodunit, essay, poems etc. It is best to evaluate the details of this next step through sensory details. Moreover, transitions and dialogues must be properly observed to help guide the readers on the events the writer tries to show. For corrections to the written work, editing and proofreading courtesy of an instructor constitute the fifth step. Finally, the corrected story can now be shared among others to live up the ideas incorporated in it. References http://yennadon. sd42. ca/online/langarts/narrative/narrativewriting. html (July 2007) http://www. bookrags. com/articles/7. html ( July 2007)

The Typologies Of Tourist Behaviour Tourism Essay

The Typologies Of Tourist Behaviour Tourism Essay When predicting future travel patterns, it is critical to first have basic knowledge of a persons travel motivation and what is motivating them to pursue travelling to destinations that they have selected. As  Pearce, Morrison Rutledge (1998) have defined tourist motivation as the global integrating network of biological and cultural forces which gives value and direction to travel choices, behaviour and experience. Each tourist is driven by different motives that determine their travel choices. These choices can be for new experiencing, culture fascination, recreation, pleasure and relaxing and shopping. Although what motivates people to travel may differ, but there is always recurrent themes emerging. For instance, a person may choose to travel and escape from their usual place of living and decides on taking up a holiday for different surroundings and relaxation, to explore new things, places and people. Many have viewed motivation as a major determinant of the tourists behaviour. Theories of motivation is the concept of needs and they are seen as the forces that arouses motivated behaviour and to best understand what motivates people, it is useful to discover the needs they have and how these needs can be fulfilled. Maslows hierarchy of needs theory is the best known motivation theories. The push and pull concept is another line of travel motivation, while Plogs allocentrism/psychocentrism model will help explain phenomenal rise and fall of travel destinations. Cohen (1972) in his early studies, draws attention to the fact that all tourists are seeking some element of novelty and strangeness while, at the same time, most also need to retain something familiar. How tourists combine the demands for novelty with familiarity can in turn be used to derive a typology. According to Johns Gyimothy (2002) Cohen distinguished tourist using sociological principles into organised mass tourist, individual mass tourists, explorer and drifter. In this essay, we shall discuss different authors approach for travel motivation and typologies of tourists behaviour and shall critically review and compare these theories and typologies. Travel Motivation Travel motivation includes two factors, the push motives factor which describes the need for exploring, relaxing, and interacting socially in the vacation decision. While pull motives is the attraction caused by the destination to the person, these factors include sight seeing, and historical attractions and sites. Push factors are known to form a desire for travelling, and pull factors are known to explicate the choice of destination. Crompton (1979). Push factors can also suggest avoidance of work and pressures at home caused culturally or socially. And pull factors suggest simply seeking adventure, freedom, escape, leisure and play. Seaton (1997) Maslows theory involves five needs forming a hierarchy, in a pyramid shape from lower to higher needs. Maslow explained how when the lower needs Physiological needs (basic life needs- air, water, food, shelter, warmth, sleep, sex), Safety needs (protection, security, low, limits, stability, order), Belonging and love (family, affection, relationships, work groups) are achieved the person would be motivated by the needs of the next two levels Esteem needs (achievement, status, responsibility, reputation), Self-actualization needs (personal growth and fulfilment). Although Maslows theory has been criticized as the basic five needs remain ambiguous, while some feel that it has provided relevance in how human actions are understandable and predictable. The tourism industry has borrowed a lot from Maslow because he provides a convenient set of containers that can be relatively labelled. Maslows hierarchy of needs has also produced a useful tool for understanding psychological motivational factors in tourism. For instance, a person may choose to travel to visit friends and family, but the underlying psychological motivation may be brought by the need for belonging and desire to reunite family links. Iso-Ahola (1982) stated that when tourists are on holidays their roles over time may be switched and different needs will emerge. Sometimes a single motivation may not always be the main factor for travel, if while on holiday and the initial needs are satisfied, other motivations might rise. It is congruent with Maslows theories of needs to argue that if there is a primary need for relaxation while on holiday, the satisfaction of relaxing will create a new need such as exploring the place to enable processes of self-actualization to take place. The four motivational needs Beard and Ragheb (1983) stated are derived from the work of Maslow (1970). These components help in assessing the extent to which individuals are motivated to participate in and are involved in activities such as learning, discovering, exploring and imagining; the social component helps in assessing the level where individuals are participating in leisure activities for social reasons. Friendship and interpersonal relationships is one of the basic needs, while the second need is the esteem of others. While the competence-mastery component assesses the level of which individuals engage in leisure activities in order to accomplish, master, challenge and compete. These activities are usually physical in nature; it is escaping and getting away from overbearing life situations. It drives individuals to seek solitude, unwind, rest and search for calm conditions to avoid social contacts. Sefton and Burton (1987) has replicated these four motivations to form the foundation of their Leisure Motivation Scale. However the original Ragheb and Beard Scale, contained items such as to use and develop physical skills and abilities. This attitude is associated with competition and staying fit, others have demonstrated that competency and mastery can be established in ways such as intellectual pursuits. Other researchers have also identified four groups of motivations, which are linked to Maslows ideas. These ideas include physical motivators such as health and less tension; cultural motivators such as religion, art and heritage; interpersonal motivators such as visiting family and friends; status motivators such as self esteem and personal development. Hudman and Hawkins (1989) made a list of ten main motivators that motivated tourists. These ten motivators are anywhere from physical activities to physical inactivities. They are curiosity, sports, health, natural resources, man made facilities, visiting friends and relatives, business, religion, self esteem and physical inactivity such as simply sunbathing and relaxing. Similarly to the above, six combinations of motivations were grouped and the six combinations included; educational and cultural which be the interest of historic sites, relaxation, adventure and pleasure, health and recreation, ethnicity and family. This leads to the been-there-done that factor to a tourist. The Iso-Aholas theory indicates that what motivates tourism is the assertion of personal escape whereby overcoming bad mood and changing the pace of your everyday life, personal seeking whereby boasting about your experience to others to feel good about yourself, interpersonal escape is whereby you escape the stressful environment you are in and avoid interactions with others, and interpersonal seeking is being with individuals with similar interest and to meet new people. Snepenger et al (2006) Another seven elements of tourist motivations were identified by Dann (1981) and his motivation elements included; travelling as a response to what is desired, destination pull in response to a motivational push, motivation as a fantasy whereby engaging in activities that are deemed unacceptable in their culture and home environment, motivation as a classified purpose such as visiting family and relatives, motivational typologies, motivation and tourist experience, and motivation as an auto-definition and meaning such as the way in which a tourist will explain their situations and respond to them. The Travel Career Ladder is another travel motivation and it consists of five elements developed by P.Pearce (1988) these five travel motivation elements vary from motivations of relaxation, stimulation, relationship, self-esteem, to development and fulfilment. A tourist motivation is an ever changing process and moving up the ladder while progressing through the various life-cycle changes. The model Pearce developed showed that motivations are divided into two categories. The need may be self-centred for instance relaxation may be done solo and the holiday maker seeks a quiet restful time alone, or the need is directed at others for instance it can be relaxation with other individuals and springing from the need for external excitement and desire for novelty. More examples of self-centred needs and needs directed at others are; self directed needs springs from the concern for own safety, relationship can be self-directed which means giving love and affection and maintaining relationships, self-esteem and development maybe self-directed like development of skills, special interests, competence and mastery, fulfilment is another example of self-directed needs, as if fulfils and understands oneself more and experience peace. While needs directed at others can be directed toward others arising out of the concern for others safety, or it can be directed at others by means of receiving affection and to be with group membership and it may be directed at others like prestige, and glamour of travelling. Seaton (1997) criticized Pearces travel motivations. For instance, as Pearce argued that stimulation may be understood alone a dimension of risk and safety of oneself or of others, it may be argued that there is a distinctive difference between these two motivations. A concern about the safety of others might mean placing yourself at risk to help others from danger. The willingness to do this relies on the certainty of a persons psychological maturity. It has been suggested by Pearce Lee (2005) that in the Travel Career Ladder framework, the term career indicates that many individuals orderly move through a series of stage or their travel motivational patterns are predictable. As some may influentially say to the Travel Career Ladder, others may remain at a particular level, mostly depending on opportunities and other limitations such as health and financial situations. Typologies of Tourist Behaviour Cohen (1972), in his early studies, draws attention to the fact that all tourists are seeking some element of novelty and strangeness while, at the same time, most also need to retain something familiar. How tourists combine the demands for novelty with familiarity can in turn be used to derive a typology. Cohen (1972) the sociologist, identified four types of tourists: The organizational Mass tourist who buys tourists packages or all inclusive tours in order to visit classical mass tourism destinations, where everything is predetermined before hand and has a low degree of participation and involvement in the travel search for information. There is no sense of adventure or exploration. He/she belongs to an institutionalized type of tourism where the contact with the organizers of tourism industry is a constant. The individual mass tourist is similar to the organizational mass tourist, however this one is flexibility on his/her decisions and want to participate more in the process. The tourist strongly depends on the tourism industry but want to try some new things out of the closed and predetermined packages. The explorer is more adventurous, he wants to find his/her own experience participating actively in this decision choice. He arrange most of the elements of the travel by himself/herself, however sometimes he/she has to turn to a travel agency or tourism professionals to get some comfort or security amenities. The drifter looks for intensive experiences and he want to feel immerse in local communities. He/she completely abandon his relations with the institutions of tourism systems planning everything by him. He practiced a non institutionalized type of tourism. With this classification of tourists Cohen established an interesting link between the need of living unique experiences and the need of the perception of security. The more secure a tourist wants to feel, the more he will trust on tourism specialist and thus he will live less unique experiences (more standardized). Stanley Plog (1974 cited Plog 1991) developed a similar psychobiological model designed to explain what type of people prefer what type of destination according to its psychographics characteristics. To the author, tourist population could be divided into a continuum of personalities distributed along the Gauss curve; from psychometrics, individual travellers whom look for the unexplored, in one extreme to allocentrics, mass tourism tourists, in the other. After Cohen and Plog, researchers such us Dalen (1989), Smith (1989) or Urry (2002) for instances; they have attempted to create new categories of tourists based on their subject of research. It has to be pointed out that all the models proposed until now they are just descriptive and not relevant to the general tourism demand. They are just focused in one area of study and not in the bigger dimension where the tourist is immerse. In addition, they also fail in the same thing: they do not take into account the factors which determine the different types of tourists (Sharpley, 1999). These factors might be grouped into demographic and socioeconomic factors such us age, life cycle, gender and income; and structural social factors such as the existence of non tourists and capitalist tourism (Sharpley, 1999).Therefore, every person goes trough different stages in life, and depending on the age, familiar circumstances or income tourist will change from one typology to another. Moreover, in these classifications it is not always the tourist who can decide what tourist is going to be, but it is the society who is going to classify you (Swarbrooke and Horner, 2007) Conclusion To better plan and market tourist destinations, a better understanding of motivation is crucial. Travel motivation theories can help us understand what motivation is, and what elements must be considered to understand it, and then interpret the different findings to understand the motivation of a certain type of tourist. What motivates a person to travel may vary from one seeking adventure to one visiting a family to feel a sense of belonging or whether they are affected by the Push motive or the Pull motive. Therefore it is difficult to differentiate the different individual motives of travel and people often may not constitute to the real reason of travel. However, understanding travel motivation and typologies of tourist has enabled and explained why certain tourism destinations are more developed and successful than others. All the theories explained above are used as tool to gain knowledge about what is driving tourists to travel and why are they choosing the places they are tra velling too. Travel motivations fundamental in tourism and is important for development. The motivation that indicates a tourists behaviour can show how people set their goals on the destination of their choice and it will reveal how these goals reflect their choice and their travel behaviour. Last but not least, after undertaking this research, understanding the motivations and the typologies of a tourist is the key success to the tourism industry.

And Then There Were None :: essays research papers

I recently read a mystery book by the name of "And Then There Were None" by Agatha Christie. I read this book because I have read other books by Agatha Christie that were pretty well written. Ten people are invited to an island, called "Indian Island",by letters that were signed by people they had met before. When they got to the island, they found out that their host, U.N.Owen, had not arrived yet. At dinner, they heard a voice, accusing each of them of a murder, which they were all guilty of. After one of them is killed, according to the first verse of a poem that is framed above each of their beds called "Ten Little Indians", they figure out that the murderer is one of them! As more people are killed off, one by one, the group narrows the suspect list down, until only one is left alive but she figured that she would never get off the islan anyway, and she hung herself from the ceiling by putting a noose around her neck and kicking the chair away on which she was standing, but she was not the killer. One of the mysteries to this book was, of course, who killed all of the innocent people. Another mystery was that every time another person was killed a little indian figure would disappear from the edges of a serving plate. One more mystery was that every murder followed, in order, the famous poem "Ten Little Indians", which reads: Ten little Indian boys went out to dine; One chocked his self and then there were nine. Nine Indian boys sat up very late; One overslept himself then there were eight. Eight Indian boys traveling in Devon; One said he'd stay there then there were seven. Seven Indian boys chopping up sticks; One chopped himself in halves then there were six. Six Indian boys playing with a hive; A bumble-bee stung one then there were five. Five Indian boys going in for law; One got in Chancery then there were four. Four Indian boys going out to sea; A red herring swallowed one then there were three. Three Indian boys walking in the zoo; A big bear hugged one then there were two. Two Indian boys sitting in the sun; One got all frizzled up then

Life Of Arthur Conan Doyle :: essays research papers

Life of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, a British physician who later devoted his life to writing, has become one of the most popular and widespread authors and creators of all time. Doyle's early childhood years to his later years in life have allowed him to observe many sophisticated yet adventurous paths, in which have inspired him greatly to become an influence on spiritualistic views as an author and crusader. His interests and achievements in medicine, politics, and spiritualism have allowed him to create the iridescent master detective of fiction, Sherlock Holmes. His creation of Sherlock Holmes in his mystery novels has brought him fame amongst many people, even so Sherlock Holmes may be one of the most popular and recognized characters of English Literature. On May 22nd, 1859, Arthur Conan Doyle was born at Picardy Place, in Edinburgh, Scotland. His father, Charles, was an architect-clerk at the Government Office of Works in Edinburgh where he married Mary Foley in1855. Arthur had three sisters and one brother, with quite a large family occasionally times got hard as money grew scarce, fortunately his father sold paintings on the side to earn extra money (Jaffe 3). When Arthur Doyle was seven years old he was sent to school and for two years he was toughened by the schoolmaster and his punishments of lacerations (Pearson 2). The schoolmaster wasn't the only thing that toughened him, he was also used to getting in quarrels with other children and became quite a fighter, especially if he saw a bully picking on someone smaller and weaker (Pearson 3). Along with his rugged characteristics, young Arthur loved to read. He found himself caught up in books of action and adventure, his favorite one being Scalp Hunters by Mayne Reid which he read numerous times. Arthur was also somewhat interested in poetry and he showed it by learning Macaulay's Lay of Horatius by heart. At the age of nine, Arthur went to Hodder the preparatory school for Stonyhurst College, which also was located in Edinburgh (Jaffe 8). On a journey to Preston, in Lancashire, he started to feel lonely and experienced homesickness. When he arrived at Preston, he joined a group of other kids and was driven the remaining twelve miles with a Jesuit, a follower of Jesus in Roman Catholicism. He stayed at Hodder for two years, where he was partially happy, then the Franco-German War had arisen and gave him something to dream about during his lessons. He would find himself daydreaming about fascinating adventures to escape his regular days of studies which constantly bored him (Pearson 4).

education and philosophies :: essays research papers

In light of this course, I would say that my philosophy of education has changed. My first paper, in retrospect, reads almost like a fantasy of what teaching should be like. I think in this aspect I have matured enough to realize that everything in this profession is not "Disney" material. There are going to be students who do not follow directions, and worse who don't care about succeeding at all. I would feel responsible for these children if I thought that there was a chance to help them. Unfortunately, there are some children that will never buy into schooling and education in general. I do, however, still believe that I can positively impact that type of child in the area of life, or even "street knowledge." I am not saying that I will be able to relate to all walks of life in the classroom. That would be an overstatement. I do believe that I possess the common sense and approachability to be a "stop" on a child's problem solving route. My first paper focused more on personal feelings and avoid ed issues that were raised in this class. After taking part in discussions, I began to focus more on the system and the political atmosphere of education, ranging from diversity in the classroom to violence in schools in general. I think that due to the Federal Government being in control of school funds, some carpet decisions favor some schools while other schools are left hurting. I believe that these decisions should be put in the hands of the parents and school board, for parents should be allowed to pick and choose what their children are learning. I know that when my child attends school I will thoroughly investigate the curriculum and take any means necessary to avoid liberal nonsense in the classroom. education and philosophies :: essays research papers In light of this course, I would say that my philosophy of education has changed. My first paper, in retrospect, reads almost like a fantasy of what teaching should be like. I think in this aspect I have matured enough to realize that everything in this profession is not "Disney" material. There are going to be students who do not follow directions, and worse who don't care about succeeding at all. I would feel responsible for these children if I thought that there was a chance to help them. Unfortunately, there are some children that will never buy into schooling and education in general. I do, however, still believe that I can positively impact that type of child in the area of life, or even "street knowledge." I am not saying that I will be able to relate to all walks of life in the classroom. That would be an overstatement. I do believe that I possess the common sense and approachability to be a "stop" on a child's problem solving route. My first paper focused more on personal feelings and avoid ed issues that were raised in this class. After taking part in discussions, I began to focus more on the system and the political atmosphere of education, ranging from diversity in the classroom to violence in schools in general. I think that due to the Federal Government being in control of school funds, some carpet decisions favor some schools while other schools are left hurting. I believe that these decisions should be put in the hands of the parents and school board, for parents should be allowed to pick and choose what their children are learning. I know that when my child attends school I will thoroughly investigate the curriculum and take any means necessary to avoid liberal nonsense in the classroom.

Nanjing Massacre

Genocide Research Project Questions and Instructions Research Reminders * Each student must answer all questions. * Record references for all information used to answer the questions. (copy and paste to a word document or save to your H: drive or print a copy) * Only research will be conducted today. You will not work on your presentation until all research is completed. * You must get information from 9 sources, most from Galileo. * In Galileo, select History References and Full Text. Enter your country and genocide as search terms. You will have to READ the articles to find information. Write the answers, cut and paste, or type into your word document with a reference to the source. * Use the citation option to get the APA citation for the source. Copy and paste into your word document. All questions must be answered with correct source citations by the end of class. This assignment will count as a quiz grade. You can access the word document on Edmodo or Ms. Youse’s webpage . Open it and save it to your H: drive before you begin your research. Name _______________ Date ___________ Period______ Country___________Research Questions, Answers, and Sources 1. What historical, cultural, social events led to this particular case of genocide? In December 1937, the then-Chinese capital of Nanjing fell to the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA). China, under the control of the Nationalist government (the KMT), had been engaged in full-scale conflict with Japan since July of that year in what is known as the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945). During 1937, Japanese forces captured several major Chinese cities, including Shanghai, whose taking enabled the invading army to advance on the capital.By the time the IJA entered an already-bombarded Nanjing on December 13, the KMT had withdrawn its army, leaving the city officially defenceless. Source: Kinney, D. (2012). Rediscovering a massacre: The filmic legacy of Iris Chang's The Rape of Nanking. Continuum: Journal Of Media ; Cultural Studies, 26(1), 11-23. doi:10. 1080/10304312. 2012. 630136 2. Where did this genocide occur? Identify a specific place and its relative location on the planet. Nanjing (nan? jing? ) or Nanking (nan? king? ) [southern capital], city (1994 est. pop. 2,224,200), capital of Jiangsu prov. E central China, in a bend of the Chang (Yangtze) River. It has served at times in the past as capital of China. The second largest city in the region (after Shanghai), Source: Nanjing. (2013). Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition, 1. 3. When did this case of genocide occur? How long did it last? The events that ensued over six weeks – including mass rape and killing of both civilians and disarmed military personnel – are known collectively as the Nanjing Massacre. Its death toll remains hotly disputed particularly among Japanese historians, though the official Chinese estimate is 300,000.Source: Kinney, D. (2012). Rediscovering a massacre: The filmic legacy o f Iris Chang's The Rape of Nanking. Continuum: Journal Of Media & Cultural Studies, 26(1), 11-23. doi:10. 1080/10304312. 2012. 630136 4. What are/were the targeted races, ethnicities, tribes, or religions? On December 13, 1937, the invading Japanese army captured Nanking and ruthlessly butchered Chinese disarmed soldiers and civilians, madly looted Chinese properties, and indulgently torched down private and public buildings. However, the most heinous of all was their shameless, cruel rape of Chinese women.An eyewitness, H. J. Timperley, a reporter of the â€Å"Manchester Guardian,† said in his book that the desecrated Nanking was â€Å"an earthly hell. † Source: Hu, H. W. (1992). Don't forget the Chinese Women under the Rape of Nanking. Chinese American Forum, 7(4), 20-23 5. Provide relevant background information about the region and the conflict. Nanjing is at the intersection of three major railroad lines. Industry, which once centered around nankeen cloth (unbleac hed cotton goods), was vigorously developed under the Communist government.The city now has an integrated iron-steel complex, an oil refinery, food-processing establishments, and hundreds of plants making chemicals, textiles, cement, fertilizers, machinery, weapons, electronic equipment, optical instruments, photographic equipment, and trucks. Nanjing has long been celebrated as a literary and political center. It was the capital of China from the 3d to 6th cent. A. D. and again from 1368 to 1421. The Treaty of Nanjing, signed in 1842 at the end of the Opium War, opened China to foreign trade. During the Taiping Rebellion insurgents held the city from 1853 to 1864.It was captured by the revolutionists in 1911, and in 1912 it became the capital of China's first president, Sun Yat-sen. When in 1927 the city fell to the Communists, the foreign residents fled to the protection of British and American warships on the Chang River. The Kuomintang under Chiang Kai-shek retook the city, and it became (1928) the regular Nationalist capital. In 1932, when the Japanese were threatening to attack the city, the government was temporarily removed to Luoyang, and on Nov. 21, 1937, just before Nanjing fell to the Japanese, it was moved to Chongqing.The Japanese entry into the city, accompanied by widespread killing and brutality, became known as the rape of Nanking. Source: Nanjing. (2013). Reloaded Content, 1. 6. Name all of the groups involved in the conflict. Describe each group. Source: 7. What were the major and the underlying causes of the genocide? What do the perpetrators of the genocide hope to accomplish? Source: 8. Was there an event that â€Å"sparked† the killings? (for example, the President’s plane crash in Rwanda) If so, what was the inciting incident? Source: 9. What occurred during the genocide? A.Who was targeted and why? B. Who did the killing? C. What methods were used? D. How long did it last? E. How many people were killed? Source: 10. How did the genocide end? Source: 11. Was there any involvement from the international community (individual countries or the United Nations)? If so, what? If not, why? Source: 12. What were/are the lasting effects of the genocide? Some questions to consider are? A. What was the country/region like directly after the genocide? B. What is the country/region like today? C. Are there still tensions between the groups involved? Source:

Real Friend

A real friend is one who stands by his friend in the hour of his need person deserts his friend at a time when he needs him the most, he cannot be called a real friend if two persons simply know each other, and they can call friends. The real test of friendship is, therefore, not mere acquaintance but the will to render timely help to a friend in distress. It is indeed very di to find a true friend in this world. Of course, there have been a few examples of true friendship in this Lord Krishna and Susana were class-fellows. They had studied under same Guru.When they grew up, Lord Krishna became a king, but became a pauper. Once Sudama went to Lord Krishna to seek his help, Krishna welcomed his old friend with open arms. He sent out his men to a palatial house for Sudama and gave liberal financial assistance to his ft to overcome their poverty. Lord Krishna thus proved to be a real friend of’ Sudama. Another classical example is that of the abiding friendship between’ Ma rx and Engels. Karl Marx was a great philosopher but very poor, where friend Engels was a rich mill-owner. The friendship between them was so1 that they wrote books together.Engels always helped his friend Marx money. Nowadays true and faithful friends are very rare. All that glitters is gold. We should always distinguish between good and bad friends. We should remember that only a person who is sincere and honest prove to be a good friend. A good friend is a source of happiness he not only our joys but also our sorrows. A rich student can help his poor friend with money. If the poor friend is brilliant in studies, he can help his rich friend by helping him in his studied other words, each person should help the other with whatever one Friendship is a two-way traffic.It grows on mutual trust and help. I am very fortunate that I have a real friend. He is Mr. Mohan Lai. He best friend. We have been studying together in the same school for teeny He lives near my house. We spend most of our time together. My friend belongs to a rich family. His father is the Manager and mother is also employed. She is a teacher in a Public School. They live bungalow. Though his parents are well off, they are not proud of their wealth. They are very God-fearing persons. They treat me as their own son. They love me very much.My friend is a brilliant student. He always stands first in the class. We study together. He helps me in studying subjects in which I am weak so that I may catch up with him. I am not jealous of him. Rather, I am grateful to him for helping me in my studies. Unfortunately, my friend was not very good in sports. But I am a very good player of cricket. I have, therefore, been coaching him in the game of cricket. He has learnt a lot about this game. By constant and regular practice under my guidance he has become a first class player of cricket.His health has also improved a lot. He is grateful to me for grooming him in the game of cricket. My friend is the monitor of our class. He is very popular among our classmates. He is liked by his teachers. He has cordial relations with one and all. He helps the poor in every possible way. He coaches them in his spare time. He lends his books to them. If a poor student is unable to pay his fee, Mohan Lai comes to his rescue by paying his fee. Once my friend won a cash prize of Rs. 200 for writing the best essay on a given topic he donated the entire amount of Rs. 00 to the Poor Students’ Fund of our school. He is well-known for his compassion for the poor. My friend hates evil but not the evil-doer. He avoids bad company but does not hate those who have fallen prey to it. He feels that is better to reform them. Our friendship has stood the test of time. We have always helped each other all these years. We have never allowed any misunderstanding to come our way. We stand by each other through thick and thin. We are proud that we are real friends and will remain so throughout our lives.

Business Report Qantas Airways

BUSINESS REPORT ON QANTAS AIRLINES Hasblady Leon Ramirez (Sofia) Student No 31278 Class: BAE 10 16th January 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY3 1. INTRODUCTION4 2. QANTAS ETHICAL EVALUATION5 2. 1. Airlines Safety as an Ethical Issue5 3. QANTAS SHARE PRICE EVALUATION6 3. 1. Share Price Definition6 3. 2. Share Price Behavior 20126 3. 3. Share Price History7 4. Recommendation8 REFERENCES9 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The aim of this report is to evaluate whether Qantas airways is a suitable company for ethical investment.Firstly, Qantas has currently been incurring in an ethical issue, because it has reduced in almost 50 % its staff in order to obtain better profits, however, the flight safety has been affected due to this maintenance downsizing, also Qantas share price analysis determines that although the stock had a downturn three years ago, it has begun to rise now. However, the result of this report is that, Qantas is not an appropriate company to invest now due to the low share price behavior and maintenance airplane’s issue. 1.INTRODUCTION The purpose of this report is to evaluate whether Qantas airways is a suitable company for ethical investment. This evaluation is divided in two aspects, ethical investing and share price performance in order to make a recommendation to clients. Currently, companies have begun to make decisions on basis to moral assumptions such as, social consideration, environmental concerns and ethical reporting with the purpose of selecting ethical investment and achieving a competitive financial return (Schwartz 2003, p. 95). According to Michelson, this recent behavior is called ethical investment (Australia and United Kingdom) and socially responsible investment ( United States) and this is a main topic in the financial industry due to the gained importance during the last years (2004, p. 1). Qantas is the largest domestic and international airline that was established in Australia in 1920. Now, Qantas is a business group of cus tomer’s transportation, which is formed by two complementary airline brands (Qantas and Jetstar).The business group employs 35,700 people and 93% of this amount is based in Australia (Qantas 2012). This report is divided in three main points, firstly, analyzing an ethical issue about safety flight on base of airplanes maintenance. Secondly, evaluating the share price history and how the share price behavior, and finally, it give a recommendation to the shareholders in order to acknowledge the company. 2. QANTAS ETHICAL EVALUATION This report discusses the airline safety in terms of maintenance.Currently, companies search to increase profits and reduce costs; and a common way is a downsizing in an operational process. Qantas reduce the maintenance staff to obtain a better performance and profits; however it threatens the passenger integrity due to the low performance maintenance into airplanes. 3. 1. Airlines Safety as an Ethical Issue Qantas has reduced â€Å"500 engineering jobs in Sydney and Victoria† (Herald Sun 2012, para. 1). In Sydney that happened because the airline believes that, it had an oversupply of line maintenance engineers.Lyell Strambi, who is Chief Executive of Qantas domestic operations, said that, the cost of its heavy maintenance was more than 30% higher than others airlines, and Qantas needed to close the difference to ensure its â€Å"future viability† (Herald Sun 2012, para. 17). The Australian Licensed Aircraft Engineers Associations said that, the airplane maintenance has been affected by changes and reductions of maintenance staff without previous risk analysis (Crikey 2012, para. 2). For example, in a Qantas flight last year was found a ? fatigue crack? n a turbine on the Boeing 747-400 that led to an explosion in the aircraft motor while it was in the air, the aircraft landed safely and all passenger were safe (News. com. au, 2012, para. 2-3). The company is the company is reducing costs towards improving profi ts and make the company viable in the future; however the decision to reduce maintenance costs and staff have affected flights safety thereby leaving at unnecessary risk to passengers. Finally, Qantas is currently involved in significant safety problems that have directly affected the client? s decision making. 3. QANTAS SHARE PRICE EVALUATION . 2. Share Price Definition The share price and the investment are the methods connected to â€Å"neoclassical investment models†, those models study the options that the company has to improve the performance in the future (Andersen, Subbaraman 1996, p. 1). The share price model is to analyze all aspects which cluster information about the future expectations of a company (Andersen, Subbaraman 1996, p. 1). 4. 3. Share Price Behavior 2012 In terms of evaluate the Qantas share price, this report has been made on the base of price variances which are illustrated in the below chart.It can be analyzed through to the share market behavior an d the period of time. Chart No. 1 (Australian Securities exchange 2013) http://www. asx. com. au/asx/research/companyInfo. do? by=asxCode&asxCode=QAN The graph number 1 present Qantas share price behavior over the past year. On the graph, the Y axis indicates the share price in points and the Y axis represents the period of time in months. The graph shows that, since beginnings of 2012 the QAN (Qantas Airways) share price rose slightly in 1. 800 points in March, then in April and May the share price fell slowly in 1. 00 points, after in mid-June, due to the massive downsizing, the share price decreased to reach less than 1000 points, however, in the end of June the price increased rapidly in almost 1. 200. After the events in June, the share price has been slightly increasing over the six last months, and the current price is almost 1. 600 points. 4. 4. Share Price History This section of the report discusses the historical behavior of Qantas share price over the past five years. On the graph, the Y axis indicates the share price in points and the Y axis represents the period of time in years.Chart No. 2 (Australian Securities exchange 2013) http://www. asx. com. au/asx/research/companyInfo. do? by=asxCode&asxCode=QAN The graph reports that, the top of QAN share price over the last five years was in February 2008, when the price was above 4. 500 points. Then between 2008 and beginnings 2009 the share price was decreasing slowly until 1. 500 points, due to the economic crisis world, which affected the whole world stock market, since 2009 to in late 2010 the price increased and got the maximum in 3. 000 points.In late 2010, Qantas had its first restructuring and started having maintenance failures and safety, which caused the share price fall during the two years and it dropped by about 1. 000 points, however it is beginning to rise now. 4. Recommendation Qantas is one of the major companies in Australia, and also is an important part of the airline global indus try. However, this report suggest that, it is not an appropriate time to invest in this company, because the company is going through financial problems that have generated downsizing maintenance problems incurred in the flight safety.Shares price also has fallen due to the lack of credibility of the company by the market. Although the share price is rising slowly at the beginning of this year, the security problem continues. In addition, as suggestions, company should organize priority the airplanes maintenance process, in order to ensure aircraft operation and keep safe the people life. Finally, in relation with Qantas share price, it has been fluctuating in the periods where the company has made decisions without measuring risk, such as maintenance downsizing and outsourcing, therefore, company must take into account the future consequences of its aking decisions. REFERENCES Andersen, M, Subbaraman, R, 1996, Share prices and Investment, Economic Analysis Department, Reserve Bank of Australia, December, pp. 1-2. Crikey, 2012, Real issues behind Qantas maintenance job loss claims, [online], Available: http://blogs. crikey. com. au/planetalking/2012/11/08/real-issues-behind-qantas-maintenance-job-loss-claims/, 15 January 2013. Herald Sun, 2012, Bitter blow as Qantas cuts 500 jobs, [online], Available: http://www. heraldsun. com. au/news/victoria/bitter-blow-as-qantas-cuts-500-jobs/story-fn7x8me2-1226361597334, 21 May 2012.Michelson, G, Wailes, N, Van Der Laan, S,  Frost, G, 2004, Ethical Investment Processes And Outcomes, Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 52, no. 1, June, pp. 1-10. News. com. au, 2012, Safety investigator finds cracked blade caused Qantas emergency, [online], Available: http://www. news. com. au/travel/news/fractured-blade-to-blame-for-qantas/story-e6frfq80-1226540282165, 18 December 2012. Qantas Airways, 2012, Our Company, [online], Available: http://www. qantas. com. au/travel/airlines/company/global/en Schwartz, M, 2003, The Ethics of Ethi cal Investing, Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 43, No. 3, March, pp. 195-213.

Frederick Douglass Learning to Read Essay

In Frederick Douglass’s narrative essay, â€Å"Learning to Read,† he explains how he taught himself how to read and write. His slave owners did not want him to earn an education, since they feared a slave who thought independently. I believe Douglass does not have an enabling figure in his life because he taught himself, through challenging other children, how to read and write. This was the stepping stone to achieving his education. Douglass overcame various obstacles in his life, such as learning to read and write, and gaining his freedom. Initially, his mistress tutored him, but turned cold-hearted and quit. Luckily, Douglass befriended the little white boys who helped teach him to read. For example, Douglass claimed, â€Å"The plan which I adopted and the one by which I was most successful, was that of making friends of all the little white boys whom I met in the street. As many of these as I could, I converted into teachers† (Douglass 347). With the aid of the white boys in the neighborhood, Douglass successfully learned to read; in other words, he creatively manipulated a negative obstacle into a powerful tool. As Douglass became more interested in reading, he contrived little steps to build his writing techniques to a climax. His masters worried that if a slave were to get an education they could endure ideas that would be harmful. He started to read newspapers and books in the free time he had between errands. This being, as Frederick began to read more he discovered what it really meant to be a slave. He started to wonder why he would not be free, unlike the other white boys. Douglass began to despise his masters because he considered that everyone should have the freedom to be educated. Thus, as Douglass worked in the ship-yard, he became more familiar with the alphabet. After learning his first four letters, he began to compose words consisting of them. Next, he would challenge other boys in the neighborhood whether they could write better than him. For example, Douglass expresses, â€Å"I would then make the letters which I had been so fortunate as to learn, and ask him to beat that. In this way I got a good many lessons in writing†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Douglass 349). This being said, Douglass learned how to write successfully with the lessons learned from challenging the other boys. In conclusion, Douglass recognized the inequality that his masters were making because they thought that slavery and education were not  compatible. Succeeding at reading gave him the power to make his own decisions in discovering who he really was. His perseverance emphasizes that the only teacher, who taught him to read and write, was himself.

The reaction of Surviving Maximum Security Essay

The reaction of Surviving Maximum Security - Essay Example The officials don't really give a "hand of steel" to the prisoners; they just let the inmates do their own way-that's the problem with democracy sometimes, even behind bars. They just seem content to oversee and control the situation within the prison cells (disturbances and the like) but they don't really make any effort to prevent further violence nor they don't give any chance to or help the prisoners to rehabilitate themselves, or even just to discipline them consistently (if not utterly harshly) and reasonably. From what I understand on this particular report, particularly about the California State Prison in Sacramento, there seems to be no likelihood of rehabilitation, no chance of giving those prisoners a lease of life anew; instead the inmates not just rot there but also have a sure possibility to commit further and graver crimes throughout their lives inhabiting in those "slammers". And in this regard, I see this as no more different than the in other countries' prison situ ations. But having said this, I find prison conditions in America an interesting one, and

American History, Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

American History, - Essay Example Its vitriolic language and common approach differed from the existing political writings, which were often considered elitist, and gave Common Sense a wider mass appeal. After 25 editions, it sold thousands of copies and is credited for tipping the scale in the move towards independence (Henretta, Brody, and Dumenil, 181) Richard H. Lee, American patriot, had been a delegate from Virginia to the Continental Congress in September 1774. At this time he and Patrick Henry were joined by others to argue against the Coercive Acts, which had severely limited shipping in Boston in a response to the Boston Tea Party. In June 1776, with the pamphlet Common Sense reaching mass popularity, Richard Henry Lee introduced a congressional resolution calling for independence from England. Sensing impending defeat Loyalists and many moderates withdrew from the Congress. This was the beginning of the Patriots' formal declaration for independence and the move towards the war. Samuel Adams was a staunch Patriot who had gained the notoriety and experience during the Seven Years War that would later place him in a place of prominence. He led a revolt against the Townsend Acts in 1765, which taxed tea, paper, and other miscellaneous items. He was instrumental in establishing the Committee of Correspondence in Boston in 1772 (Henretta, Brody, and Demenil, 151). He became the leader of the radicals in Boston while organizing action against the monarchy (Nash et al., 179). In 1774, as a delegate from Massachusetts, he joined Richard Lee and Patrick Henry in their fight against the Coercive Acts in the Continental Congress. After the Revolutionary War, Adams helped draft the Massachusetts Constitution and the Articles of Confederation. He would later become the acting Governor of Massachusetts. John Peter Zenger John Peter Zenger was a printer and journalist that advocated and promoted the freedom of the press. Faced with corruption and tyranny in the colonies, a newspaper, the New-York Weekly Journal, was published by Zenger to expose the actions of Governor William Cosby of New York. Zenger was arrested for seditious libel and defended by a Philadelphia Lawyer hired by Zenger's supporters. Zenger claimed he was merely printing the facts and informing the public. Zenger was acquitted and the idea of the free press began to gain more popularity and would eventually rise to a significant part of American democracy. Bacon's Rebellion By 1675, the Chesapeake colonies were facing limited land and resources due to agreements with the Indian tribes. There was a need for more land as more settlers arrived in the New World. Nathaniel Bacon, joined by slaves and ex-slaves, brutally waged war against the native populations. Governor Berkeley who called for the arrest of Bacon denounced these attacks. This began a series of skirmishes and battles between Bacon's men and Berkeley's troops known as Bacon's Rebellion. It continued through 1677 involving 1000 British troops and resulted in the destruction of Jamestown (Nash et al., 84,86). Bacon's Rebellion was a sign of events to come as it pointed out the necessity of acquiring Indian land with the arrival of the new immigrants. The Great Awakening The Great Awakenin

Human rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Human rights - Essay Example Under the universal declaration of human rights, specific articles have been put in place in regard to spelling out on what rights are. For example, article 1 of the universal declaration of human rights, it is spelled out that all human beings are equal in dignity and rights. Analytically, this could be termed as the primary concept of interpreting how every human being should be treated. This means that any act of discriminating or undermining the state of another human being is uncalled for. Another major article is article 3, which stipulates that e very person has the rights to life. In relation to this article, it is correct to argue that any act by another human being that threatens the life of another human being could amount to violation of this right. In this regard, it is indispensable that human rights are critical and needs to be protected effectively. Time and again, political intrigues have been cited as the major course for human rights violations (Donnelly 10). As the political class fight for power and supremacy, most of the human rights are violated. This has been evidenced by historical genocides violence against the minority groups. Nevertheless, violation of human rights could also come in terms of other social economic factors that minority groups are

Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Question - Essay Example Included in the record are "Age range", "Disabilities", "Education/skills", "IT knowledge", "Frequency of use" and "The key interface requirements suggested by the profile". Creation of List: - The System creates a holiday list after every insertion. The list summarizes the holidays and various packages. It also includes full customer information, information on the trade-in benefits (if any), the trade-in allowance, and information on the purchased package. The invoice may contain details of the Options selected by the customer or no options. The Options have a code. The customer choices are being put on the invoice after the Salesman fills the digital form with the code of the selected option. No selection of Code means no option has been chosen by the Customer. Creation of Customer ID: - If the customer buys a package for the first time, his details are being recorded for future use for promoting sales. The customer is given an ID and so that the same can be used for data storage and retrieval. Creation of list of Options with each option being given a Code: - The Dealer provides lots of options to its Customers and these can be identified through the list of features and Option Code. Each Option has been pre stored in the database.

Doctoral Study Topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Doctoral Study Topic - Essay Example Studies conducted by the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) and the American Hospital Association (AHA) during the early 2000s project that there will be â€Å"shortages of at least 124,000 physicians and 500,000 nurses by 2025† (Ziwiak 2010 pg 1). The ever increasing demand for care, in terms of escalating growth in the population, aging and enhanced life expectancy, places a hefty onus on the healthcare sector to cater for an exponentially growing number of patients. However, the country is finding it difficult to recruit sufficient number of human resources to meet the requirement. The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), taking into account the reports of the AHA (July, 2007) and the American Health Care Association (AHCA) (July, 2008), puts the â€Å"total RN vacancies in the US to more than 135,000† (Rosseter 2012 Pg 2). Thus, it transpires that there exists an acute shortage of nurses in the US and that this trend will rather continue unabated than checked. Though the US government is taking steps to enroll more nurses and trying to increase the age of retirement, these measures hardly seem adequate to fetch the intended results in addressing the issue. Alternatives like recruiting overseas nurses also come with certain disadvantages. Healthcare Industry being service oriented, it becomes imperative that hospitals should have sufficient number of nurses to provide quality healthcare to the patients. In this context, it is relevant that when staff shortage exists in a hospital, the services of available personnel gets overstretched, which may entail in compromising the quality of care to the patients. Thus, the main concern of a hospital manager or administrator is to ensure that the organization has sufficient number of human resources to meet the demands of quality patient care. Besides, eliminating delays in care should be one of the top priorities of hospitals for

Ethics, Virtue and Moral Agency Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ethics, Virtue and Moral Agency - Assignment Example Virtues are the good behavior and morals aimed at promoting good and peaceful coexistence between people and doing good both to oneself and others (David, 77). I prefer that ethics is a real requirement for living in life since without it, the human actions are random and useless. There would be no way to choose between a good goal and a wrong one if there will be none to choose upon. I personally view myself as believing in having virtues to be very important in life. This is because moral goodness is important for peaceful coexistence amongst people in the society. An example is the importance of the virtue of chastity especially among women in my community (David, 34). This will create peace in the community. Another example is the importance of the virtue of patience in society. Moral agency is also important to me very much. It is good to act properly in accordance to the community’s notion. Since everyone has the freedom of choosing what to do, I am always for the choice of doing the right just to avoid problems in

Full-time Faculty Criteria Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Full-time Faculty Criteria - Essay Example Professors that are charismatic are better able to connect with their students. Another important criterion that candidates must have is excellent credentials. The minimum educational attainment a college professor must have is a master’s degree, even though a doctorate degree is preferable. The reason that college professors must have a graduate degree is because these individual have to be experts in their fields in order to be able to teach young aspiring students about a subject matter. The third most important criterion that universities look for in college professor candidates is their professional experience. In order for a college professor to be able to teach students about how the knowledge obtained in a course can be applied to the real world the professor must have extensive industry experience. The experience gained in the field can help the professor formulate examples of how different concepts, ideas, and theories can be used in the workplace. A fourth factor th at is considered by universities when hiring a new college professor is the person’s research abilities. Most universities received millions of dollars in research grants that can only be obtained if they have professors on staff that can perform the required research studies.

The Finance and Six Sigma Quality Connection Research Paper

The Finance and Six Sigma Quality Connection - Research Paper Example According to the study conducted while operations management was being carefully studied to play the efficient, enabling function to other business functions, the field had been enabled by several highly-interrelated business functions. Pursuant to any operational implementation, cost analyses, which are tasked to the financial department, are used to assess the implementations’ â€Å"financial spin-offs†. Operation management’s Six Sigma Quality was not exempted from these analyses. Businesses planning to employ or implement the Six Sigma Quality have to set an acceptable cost reduction ratio, estimate the incurring implementation costs and resultant cost-savings, and reconcile these figures to postulate or invalidate the operational implementation. Collectively, the organization does not just want to see the improvement in operational efficiency, quality, or quantity; it also wants to make sure that Six Sigma Quality’s implementation is cost-wise and a s ignificant cost-saver. The recent craze in adopting the Six Sigma Quality on other business functions, such as financial management, is rapidly progressing. For instance, Ansari et al.’s â€Å"Application of Six-Sigma in Finance: A Case Study† explored the nature of the applicability of Six Sigma Quality to the five core processes of defining, measuring, analyzing, improving, and controlling. In the financial process of department-based financial reporting, the define phase implicates the necessity and importance of a ‘standardized process’ that is cleared of ‘non-value added steps.... cost and financial planning for all business divisions,† and â€Å"identifying all non–value added and confusing steps to reduce reporting cycle time and cost† (5-6). In other words, in the financial process of department-based financial reporting, the define phase implicates the necessity and importance of a ‘standardized process’ that is cleared of ‘non-value added steps.’ Measure. In this phase, it is crucial that a clear documenting and consistent monitoring covers the department-based financial reporting process to avert from providing â€Å"opportunities for non–value added activities such as errors, excess movement, additional IT training and maintenance costs, inconsistent data, and waiting time† from decrementing the process value (Ansari et al. 6). Thus, the documentation and monitoring of the financial process safeguards the whole process through providing substantial data or figures to measure progress and conduc t the next analysis phase. Analysis. This phase should be able to pinpoint the probable operational inefficiencies in the financial process. These inefficiencies may include but are not limited to the â€Å"lack of complete firm cost and financial plans,† as well as the existing, â€Å"multiple sources of data and databases† (Ansari et al. 7). Overall, this phase should be sufficient in enlightening the finance department the nature of the inefficiencies involved, the inherent levels of impact, the sector most affected by the impact, as well as specific process-parts for improvement. As soon as these things are shed light and well-understood, the phase makes room for the next phase, the improvement phase. Improve. This phase is relatively a two-fold phase; while it looks at the direct or actual improvements conceived out of the previous